
**k -i>'"$ 



A SYLLABUS 



OF 



North Carolina History 



1584-1876 



BY 
WILLIAM K. BOYD 

Professor of History, Trinity Colleee 
AND 

J. G. de ROULHAC HAMILTON 

Alumni Professor of History, 
University of North Carolina 



A SYLLABUS 



OF 



North Carolina History 



1584-1876 



WILLIAM K. BOYD 

Professor of History, Trinity College 



J. G. de ROULHAC HAMILTON 

Alumni Professor of History, University of North Carolina 



The Sbbman Printeey 

Durham, N. C. 

1913 



PREFACE 



There is no general history of North Carolina based on the 
sources covering all phases of the State's development. Hence 
in the courses on North Carolina history at Trinity and the 
University of North Carolina extensive use is made of mono- 
graphs, special works, magazine articles, and to a lesser de- 
gree of the sources. This Syllabus is based on the lectures 
and required readings in North Carolina history at the two 
institutions. The authors hope that it may prpbve of value 
outside of college classes. For all who use it the following 
suggestions are offered: 

While the bibliography is not exhaustive, many items cited 
are out of print. Many of these may be found in old libraries, 
especially those of lawyers and public men who were active in 
the affairs of the past. The collection of such material forms 
a most interesting and instructive pursuit. A set of the Col- 
onial and State Records may be found in every County Court 
House and in most of the public libraries. 

The authors have purposely made little use of studies in 
biography. They believe that a knowledge of institutional and 
social development is a prerequisite for the intelligent under- 
standing of the services of public men. Most of the biograph- 
ical material available is lacking in this very element. However, 
exercises in biography may supplement the outlines here pub- 
lished. 

The study of state history should include the study of local 
county history. For such a purpose an outline (No. XCIV) 
is reprinted from North Carolina Day Program with the con- 
sent of Mr. R. D. W. Connor. 

For several suggestions and references the authors are in- 
debted to Mr. W. H. Hoyt, of New York City. 

July 7, 1913. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 



CHAPTER 

I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 

V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XL 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 

XV. 

XVI. 

XVII. 

XVIII. 

XIX. 

XX. 

XXI. 

XXII. 

XXIII. 

XXIV 

XXV. 

XXVI. 



PAGE 

Selected List of Sources and Authorities g 

The Land and Resources 21 

The Indians of North Carolina 23 

First European Explorations 23 

The Lord Proprietors 24 

Colonizations of the Lord Proprietors: the Colony 

of Clarendon 25 

Political Institutions under the Proprietors 26 

The Genesis of Albemarle 27 

Political Development of Albemarle, 1 28 

Political Development of Albemarle, II 28 

Political Development of Albemarle, III 29 

The Church of England and the Cary Rebellion 30 

The Southward Extension of Settlements 31 

The Tuscarora War tj 

Last Years of Proprietary Government 32 

Economic Conditions Under the Proprietors ^ 

Transfer of the Colony to the Crown 34 

Nature of the Royal Administration 35 

Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 

1765 I, The Land System ^ . 

Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 

1765 II, Currency $j £* 

Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 

1765 III, The Unarmed Rebellion t>7 

Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 

1765 IV, The Constitutional Revisions of 1754 and 

J 759 38 

Political and Constitutional Controversies 1729- 

1765 V, The French and Indian War 38 

Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 I, The 

Lower Cape Fear 39 

Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 II, The 

Highland Scotch 40 

Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 III, 

The Scotch Irish 41 •" 

5 



CHAPTER PAGE 

XXVII. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 IV, 

The Quakers 41 

XXVIII. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 V, The 

Germans 42 

XXIX. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 VI, 

The Moravian Brethren 42 

XXX. Religious Development, 1729-1775 I, The Presby- 
terians 43 

XXXI. Religious Development, 1729-1775 II, The Baptists.. 44 
XXXII. Religious Development, 1729-1775 III, The Luther- 
ans and the German Reform 45 

XXXIII. Religious Development, 1729-1775 IV, The Church of 

England 45 

XXXIV. Religious Development, 1729-1775 V, Pioneers of 

Methodism 46 

XXXV. Education in Colonial Times 47 

XXXVI. Literature in Colonial Days 47 

XXXVU. Territorial Expansion and Local Government 48 

XXXVIII. The Northern and Southern Boundaries 48 

XXXIX. Economic Conditions 49 

XL. Political and Constitutional Issues, 1765-1771 I, The 

Stamp Act 49 

XLL Political and Constitutional Issues, 1765-1771 II, 

War of the Regulation 50 

XLIL Beginning of a Westward Migration '. 52 

XLHI. Constitutional Controversies 1771-1775 52 

XLIV. Rise of the Revolutionary Organizations ; the First 

Provincial Congress 54 

XLV. The Second Congress ; Collapse of the Royal Ad- 
ministration 55 

XLVL The Conflict of Interests ; The Third Congress 56 

XLVII. Early Military Activities 56 

XLVIII. The Fourth Provincial Congress. Instruction for 

Independence 57 

XLIX. The Fifth Congress and the State Constitution 58 

L. The Invasion of 1780-81, 1 59 

LL The Invasion of 1780-81, II 59 

LIL Political Problems of the Revolution I. Finance.... 60 
LIU. Political Problems of the Revolution II, Military 

Support 62 

LIV. Political Problems of the Revolution III, The Roy- 
alists 62 

6 



CHAPTER 

LV. 

LVI. 

LVII. 

LVIII. 

LIX. 

LX. 

LXI. 

LXII. 

LXIII. 

LXIV. 
LXV. 

LXVI. 

LXVII. 

LXVIII. 

LXIX. 

LXX. 

LXXI. 

LXXII. 

LXXIII. 

LXXIV. 

LXXV. 

LXXVI. 

LXXVII. 

LXXVIII. 



LXXIX. 

LXXX. 

LXXXI. 
LXXXII. 

LXXXIII. 

LXXXIV. 

LXXXV. 



PAGE 

Political Problems 1783-1787 63 

The State of Franklin 64 

North Carolina and the Federal Constitution 65 

Political Development 1790-1800, 1 66 

Political Development 1790-1800, II 67 

Republican Politics and the War of 1812 67 

State Problems 1790-1836 I, The Judiciary 68 

State Problems 1790-1836 II, Boundaries and Ter- 
ritories 69 

State Problems 1790-1836 III, General Economic 

Conditions 7° 

State Problems 1790-1836 IV, Internal Improvements 70 

State Problems 1790-1836 V, Internal Improvements 71 
State Problems 1790-1836 VI, Movement for Public 

Education 7 2 

State Problems 1790-1836 VII, Finance 73 

State Problems 1790-1836 VIII, Banking 75 

State Problems 1790-1836 IX, Revenue 76 

State Problems 1790-1836 X, Constitutional Reform 77 

The Convention of 1835 78 

The Anti-Slavery Sentiment in North Carolina 78 

Rise of the Pro-Slavery Sentiment 79 

Changes in Political Party 1820- 1832 80 

Rise of the Whig Party 81 

Achievements under Whig Leadership I, The First 

Railways 81 

Achievements under Whig Leadership II, The North 

Carolina Railroad 82 

Achievements under Whig Leadership III, Continu- 
ation of the Railroad Policy under Democratic 

Leadership 83 

Achievements under Whig Leadership, 1836-1850 IV, 

Educational Progress 84 

Achievements under Whig Leadership, 1836-1850 V, 

Humanitarian Reforms 84 

General Progress, 1840-1860 I, Industrial Condition 85 
General Progress, 1840-1860 II, Private Educational 

and Religious Development 86 

The North Carolina Whigs in National Politics 87 

Decline of the Whig Party I, Manhood Suffrage 88 

Decline of the Whig Party II, Disintegration over 

Slavery Extension 89 

7 



CHAPTER PAGE 

LXXXVI. State Political Issues 1850-60 89 

LXXXVII. The National Campaign of i860 in North Carolina., 90 

LXXXVIII. Secession in North Carolina 91 

LXXXIX. North Carolina in the War 92 

XC. Presidential Restoration " 93 

XCI. Congressional Reconstruction 94 

XCII. The Radical Regime 95 

XCIII. Democratic Reaction and Its Result 97 

XCIV. Outline for County History 98 



A Syllabus of North Carolina History 



I. SELECTED LIST OF SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES 
I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES 

1. General. 

Larned, J. N. The Literature of American History, (Bos- 
ton, 1902). 

Richardson and Morse. Writings on American History, 
1902, (Princeton, N. J., 1904). 

McLaughlin, Slade and Lewis. Writings on American 
History, 1903, (Washington, the Carnegie Institution, 
1905). 

Griffin: Writings on American History, 1906, (New 
York, 1908). 

Writings on American History, 1907, (New York, 

1909). 

Writings on American History, 1908, ( New York, 

1910). 

Writings on American History, 1909, (Annual Re- 
port, American Historical Association, 1909). 

Writings on American History, 1910, (Annual Re- 
port American Historical Association, 1910). 

2. Special. 

Weeks, Stephen B. A Bibliography of North Carolina 

Historical Literature (Harvard University Library, 
1895). 

The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth 

Century (Brooklyn, 1891). 

Libraries and Literature in North Carolina in the 

Eighteenth Century (Annual Report, American Histor- 
cal Association, 1895). 

North Carolina Books in the State Library (Publications 
of the North Carolina Historical Commission, vol. 1, 
Raleigh, 1907). 

Minutes of the State Literary and Historical Association, 
1899-1912, (the minutes of each yearly meeting con- 
tains a bibliography of North Carolina books published 
that year. The bibliographies for 1902, 1903, 1904, 
9 



1905 are reprinted in Publications of the Historical 
Commission, vol. 1). 

Connor, R. D. W. Index to North Carolina Articles in 
the North Carolina Review, the North Carolina Book- 
let, and North Carolina Day Programme (North Caro- 
lina Review, Jan. 1912; North Carolina Library Bul- 
letin, Sept., 1911). 

Wilson, L. R. Fiction with North Carolina Setting 
(North Carolina Review, Feb., 1912). 

Laney, F. B., and Wood, K. H. Bibliography of North 
Carolina Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography (Bul- 
letin 18, N. C. Geol. and Econom. Survey, Raleigh, 
1909). 

II. SOURCES 

1. Laws and Official Records, Printed. 

The Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1662-1775 ; vols. 

I-X; collected and edited by William L. Saunders. 
(Raleigh, 1886-1890). 

The State Records of North Carolina, 1776-1790; vols. 
XI-XXVII; collected and edited by Walter Clark (Ral- 
eigh, 1895-1905).* 

The Colonial and State Records of North Carolina, vols. 
XXVIII-XXXI (Indices, Raleigh, 1909-1912). 

The Laws of North Carolina; sessional, 1777-1852; Pub- 
lic Laws, sessional (1854 to date) ; Private Laws, ses- 
sional (1854 to date). 

Collections of Laws; "The Yellow Jacket" (Newbern, 
1752) ; Davis' First Revisal (Newbern, 1764) ; Davis' 
Second Revisal (Newbern, 1765) ; Laws of North Car- 
olina, 1715-1790 (State Records, vols. XXIV-XXV) ; 
Iredell, Laws of North Carolina (Edenton, 1791; 
1799) ; Martin, A Collection of the Private Acts 
of North Carolina, 1715-1790 (Newbern, 1794); 
idem, Public Acts of North Carolina, 1715-1803, 
2 vols. (Newbern, 1804) ; Haywood, Manual of 
the Laws of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1800, 1808, 1814, 
1818) ; Potter, Taylor, Yancey, Laws of the State of 
North Carolina, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1827) ; Nash, Iredell 
and Battle, The Revised Statutes of the State of North 

* The Colonial and State Records are parts of one series of publication, 
hence the volumes are numbered consecutively throughout. 

10 



Carolina, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1837) ; Moore, Biggs and 
Rodman, The Revised Code of North Carolina (Bos- 
ton, 1855). 
North Carolina Reports. Cases argued and determined 
in the Supreme Court of North Carolina, vols. 1-76 (to 
1876). 

Legislative Journals :* 

Journal of the Senate, sessional, 1785-1814; 1858-1876. 

Journal of the House of Commons, sessional, 1785-1814; 
1858-1866. 

Journal of the House of Representatives, sessional, 1868- 
1876. 

Journals of the Senate and the House of Commons, ses- 
sional, 1815-56. 

Public Documents : 

Legislative Documents, sessional, 1835-1877; 1880-1887. 
Public Documents, sessional, 1879, 1889, 1876. 
Coon, Documentary History of Public Education in 
North Carolina to 1840 (2 vols., The State Historical 
Commission: Raleigh, 1908). 

Convention Journals : 

The Journal of the Convention of 1776 (Halifax) ; (re- 
printed in State Records, vol. X, 913-1013). 

The Journal of the Convention of 1788 (Hillsborough) ; 
(State Records, vol. XXII, pp. 1-35) ; Debates in the 
Convention (Elliott, Debates on the Federal Constitu- 
tion, vol. IV). 

The Journal of the Convention of 1789 (Fayetteville) ; 
(State Records, vol. XXII, pp. 36-53). 

Journal of the Convention called to amend the Constitu- 
tion of the State, July, 1835 (Raleigh, 1836) ; Debates 
of the Convention of 1835 (Raleigh, 1836). 

Journal of the Convention of May 20, 1861 (4 sessions) ; 
(Raleigh, 1862). 

The Journal of the Convention of 1865 (Raleigh). 

Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1868 (Ral- 
eigh, 1868). 

* The legislative journals prior to 1700 may be found in the Colonial 
and State Records. A calendar of them is given in materials for a Bibliogra- 
phy of the Public Archives of the Thirteen Original States (Report of the 
American Historical Association, 1906, Vol. II). 

11 



Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1875 (Ral- 
eigh, 1875). 

2. Manuscript Sources, Calendared: 

Indexes to Documents relative to North Carolina during 

the colonial existence of said State in London, 

(Raleigh, 1843). 

Calendar of the Emmet Papers (New York Public Li- 
brary, Bulletin, vols. I-III). 

Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. Edited by 
W. Noell, Saintsbury, 5 vols. (London). 

Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth 
(Fourteenth Annual Report of the Royal Historical 
Manuscripts Commission, Appendix, Part X, 1895). 

Calendar of the Papers of Martin Van Buren (Library of 
Congress, 1910). 

Guide to the manuscript materials for the History of the 
U. S. to 1783, in the British Museum, in minor London 
archives, and in the Libraries of Oxford and Cam- 
bridge. By C. M. Andrews and F. G. Gardner (The 
Carnegie Institution, 1909). 

Guide to the materials for the History of the United 
States to 1783 in the Public Record Office of Great 
Britain, by Chas. M. Andrews (in press). 

Descriptive List of Manuscript Collections of the State 
Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison, 1906). 

Report on the Public Archives of North Carolina, by J. 
S. Bassett (First Report of the Public Archives Com- 
mission, Annual Report of the American Historical As- 
sociation, 1900, vol. II, pp. 251-266). 

North Carolina County Archives ; Part I. By Prof. John 
Spencer Bassett; Part II. By Professor Charles Lee 
Raper and J. H. Vaughan. (Report of the Public 
Archives Commission, Annual Report of the American 
Historical Association, 1904.) 

3. Letters, Autobiographies, Narratives, and Documents of Con- 
temporaries. 

Brickell, John. The Natural History of North Carolina 
(Dublin, 1737: Raleigh, 1910). 
12 



Byrd, William. History of the Dividing Line (Peters- 
burg, 1841, Richmond, 1866; or Writings of William 
Byrd, New York, 1901). 

Catesby, Mark. Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and 
the Bahama Islands (London, 1731). 

Cornwallis. Answer to Sir Henry Clinton's Narrative of 
the Campaign of 1781 (London, 1783; Philadelphia, 
1866). 

Clinton, Sir Henry. Narrative of the Campaign of 1781 
in North Carolina (London, 1783; Philadelphia, 1865). 

Observations on Earl Cornwallis' Answer (Lon- 
don, 1783; Philadelphia, 1865). 

Letters of William Dickson; (edited by J. O. Carr, Ral- 
eigh, 1902). 

Fanning, David. Adventures in North Carolina (Rich- 
mond, 1861; New York, 1865; Toronto, 1908). 

Fleming, W. L. Documentary History of Reconstruction 
(Cleveland, 1907). 

Graham. General Joseph Graham and His Revolutionary 
Papers (Raleigh, 1904). 

Grimes, J. Bryan. Abstract of North Carolina Wills 
(Raleigh, 1910). 

Grimes, J. Bryan. North Carolina Wills and Inventories 
(Raleigh, 1912). 

Holden, William W. Memoirs (The John Lawson Mono- 
graphs, Durham, 1911). 

Iredell, James. Life and Correspondence of. Edited by 
G. J. McRee (New York, 1857). 

Johnston, Joseph E. Narrative of Military Operations 
During the Late War Between the States (New York, 
1878). 

Lawson, John. A New Voyage to Carolina (1709) ; The 
History of Carolina (London, 1714-1718; Raleigh, 
1860; Charlotte, 1904). 

Lee, Henry. Memoirs of the War in the Southern De- 
partment (New York, 1820). 

Macon, Nathaniel. Correspondence of (The John P. 
Branch Historical Papers, vol. Ill, No. 1). 
13 



Murphy, Archibald De Bow. The Papers of; edited by 
William Henry Hoyt (in press). 

Report on Affairs in the Insurrectionary States (Sen. Rep. 
1, 42 Congress, 1 sess). 

Salley, A. S. (editor). • Narratives of Early Carolina 
(New York, 1911). 

Sherman, W. T. Memoirs, 2 vols. (New York, 4th edi- 
tion, 1896). 

Tarleton, Sir B. History of the Campaign of 1780-81, 
(London, 1787). 

Waddell, A. M. Some Memories of My Life (Raleigh, 
1908). 

Wheeler, J. H. Reminiscences and Memoirs of North 
Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians, 2 vols. (Co- 
lumbus, Ohio, 1884). 

Whitaker, R. H. Reminiscences (Raleigh, 1905). 

Worth, Jonathan. Correspondence of. Edited by J. G. 
de Roulhac Hamilton, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1909). 

York, Brantley. Autobiography. (The John Lawson 
Monographs, Durham, 1910). 

Travel and Description. 

Bartram, William. Travels through North and South 
Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida (Philadel- 
phia, 1791; Dublin, 1793). 

Byrd, William. History of the Dividing Line (see pre- 
ceding classification). 

Catesby, Mark. Natural History of Carolina, Florida and 
the Bahama Islands (London, 1731). 

Brickell. The Natural History of North Carolina (see 
preceding classification). 

Schopf. Travels in the Confederation (Phila., 1911). 
Lanman, Charles. Letters from the Alleghany Moun- 
tains (New York, 1849). 

Nichols, G. W. The Story of the Great March (New 
York, 1865). 

Olmstead, Frederick Law. A Journey in the Seaboard 

Slave States (New York, 1856). 
Royal, Anne. A Southern Tour or a Second Series of the 

Black Book (Washington, 1830). 

14 



Watson, Elkanah. Men and Times of the Revolution 
(New York, 1856). 

Smythe, J. F. D. A Tour in the United States of Amer- 
ica, 2 vols. (Dublin, 1784). 

Zeigler and Grosscup, The Heart of the Alleghanies 
(Raleigh, 1883). 

III. SECONDARY AUTHORITIES 

1. Histories of North Carolina.* 

Williamson, Hugh. A History of North Carolina, 2 vols. 
(Philadelphia, 1812). 

Martin, Francis Xavier. The History of North Carolina, 
2 vols. (New Orleans, 1829). 

Wheeler, John H. Historical Sketches of North Carolina, 
1584 to 1851 ("Wheeler's History") 2 vols, in I (Phil- 
adelphia, 1851). 

Hawks, Francis Lister. History of North Carolina, vol. 

I, 1584-1591 (Fayetteville, 1857, 1858, 1859); vol. II 
1663-1729 (Fayetteville, 1858). 

Moore, John Wheeler. History of North Carolina, 2 vols. 
(Raleigh, 1880). 

Spencer, Cornelia Phipps. Last Ninety Days of the War 
in North Carolina (New York, 1866). 

Clark, Walter (editor). History of the Several Regiments 
and Battalions from North Carolina in the War 
1861-65, 5 vols. (Raleigh, 1902). 

Hill. Young Peoples' History of North Carolina (Ral- 
eigh). 

Ashe, S. A. A History of North Carolina, vol. I (Greens- 
boro, 1908). 

2. Local Histories. 

Alamance County. A History of. By Sallie W. Stock- 
ard (Raleigh, 1900). 

Craven County, The Early History of. By S. M. Brin- 
son (North Carolina Booklet, April, 1911). 

Miller, S. F. Recollections of Newbern (Our Liv- 
ing and Our Dead, vol. I). 

* Since the histories in this list, except those of Ashe and Hill, were pub- 
lished, many new sources have been discovered and a large number of mono- 
graphs, biographies, and studies in special phases of North Carolina have 
been written. Hence in this work the older histories are rarely cited, reliance 
being placed as far as possible on the latest information obtainable. For 
the same reason, the value of the older historians is mainly antiquasion ; 
they are therefore listed in the order of publication rather than alphabetically. 

15 



Vass. History of the Presbyterian Church and 

Newbern (Richmond, 1866). 

Forsythe County. By Adelaide Fries (Winston, 1898). 

Guilford County. Publications of the Guilford County 
Literary and Historical Association, vol I (Greensboro, 
1908). This pamphlet contains valuable papers on the 
Press of Guilford County, Schools of Guilford County, 
and Bench and Bar of Guilford County. 

Greensboro; Facts, Figures, Traditions, and Rem- 
iniscences, 1808-1904. By J. W. Albright (Greensboro, 
1904). 

Haywood County, Centennial of, and its County Seat. 
By W. C. Allen (Waynesville). 

Hertford County, The Colonial and State Political History 
of. By B. B. Winborne (Raleigh, 1906). 

Mecklenburg County, A History of. By J. B. Alexander 
(Charlotte). 

A History of. By D. A. Tompkins, 2 vols. (Char- 
lotte, 1903). 

New Hanover County, A History of. By A. M. Wad- 
dell (Wilmington, n. d.). 

Orange County, A History of. Part I. By Frank Nash 
(North Carolina Booklet, vol. X). 

Hillsborough, Colonial and Revolutionary. By 

Frank Nash (Raleigh, 1903). 

Pitt County, by Henry T. King (Raleigh, 1910). 

Rowan County, by Jethro Rumple (Salisbury, 1881). 

Wake County. Early Times in Raleigh, by David L. 
Swain (Raleigh, 1867). 

The Early History of Raleigh, by Kemp P. Battle 

(Raleigh, 1893). 

Historical Raleigh, by Moses A. Amis (Raleigh, 

1902). 

Histories of the United States and of other States. 

Adams, Henry. History of the United States, 1800-1817, 

9 vols. (New York, 1891). 
Bancroft, George. History of the United States, 6 vols. 

(New York). 
Channing, History of the United States, vols. I, II, III 

(New York, 1907, 1908, 1912). 
16 



Hart, A. B. (editor). The American Nation, 27 vols. 

(New York, 1904, 1908). 
Haywood, John. Civil and Political History of Tennes- 
see (Knoxville, 1823; Nashville, 1891). 
Hildreth R. History of the United States, 3 vols. (New 

York, 1856). 
McCrady, E. History of South Carolina, 1620-1719 (New 

York, 1897). 
History of South Carolina, 1719-1776 (New York, 

1899). 

South Carolina in the Revolution (New York 1902) 

Osgood, H. L. American Colonies in the Seventeenth 

Century, 3 vols. (New York, 1904, 1907). 
Phelan, James. History of Tennessee (Boston, 1888). 
Putnam, A. W. Early Times in Middle Tennessee or 

Life and Times of James Robertson (Nashville, 1859), 
Ramsay, J. G. Annals of Tennessee (Philadelphia, 1860). 

4. Biographies — Collected. 

Ashe, S. A. (editor). A Biographical History of North 
Carolina, vols. I-VII (Greensboro, 1905-1908). 

Connor, R. D. W. Makers of North Carolina History 
(Raleigh, 1912). 

Dowd, J. Prominent Living North Carolinians (Raleigh, 
1888). 

Haywood, Marshall DeL. Lives of the Bishops of North 
Carolina (Raleigh, 1910). 

Lewis, Wm. D. (editor). Great American Lawyers, 8 vols. 
(Philadelphia, 1909). 

Peele, W. J. (editor). Lives of Distinguished North Car- 
olinians (Raleigh, 1898). 

Sabine. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the Ameri- 
can Revolution (Boston, 1864). 

5. Biographies — Individual. 

Craven, Braxton, Life of. By Jerome Dowd (Raleigh, 

1896). 
Harnett, Cornelius. By R. D. W. Connor (Raleigh, 1909). 
Caldwell, Rev. David. Life and Character by E. W. Ca- 

ruthers (Greensboro, 1842). 
MacDonald, Flora. By J. P. MacLean (Lumberton, 

1909). 

17 



Macon, Nathaniel. By W. E. Dodd (Raleigh, 1903). 

Life of. By Edward R. Cotten, (Baltimore, 1840). 

Tryon, Governor William. By Marshall DeL. Haywood 

(Raleigh, 1903). 
Waddell, Hugh. A Colonial Officer. By A. M. Waddell 

(Raleigh, 1890). 
Vance, Z. B. Life of. By C. Dowd (Charlotte, 1897). 

6. Studies in Social and Religious History. 

Battle, Kemp P. History of the University of North Car- 
olina, vols. I, II. (Raleigh, 1907-1912). 

Bernheim, History of the German Settlements and the 
Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina (Phil- 
adelphia, 1872). 

Bernheim. History of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod 
of North Carolina (Philadelphia, 1910). 

Biggs, Joseph. History of the Kehukee Baptist Associa- 
tion (Tarborough, 1830). 

Burkhead, L. S. (editor). Centennial of Methodism in 
North Carolina (Raleigh, 1876). 

Caruthers, E. W. The Old North State in 1776, First 
Series (Philadelphia, 1854). 

The Old North State in 1776, Second Series (Phil- 
adelphia, 1856). 

Clewell, J. H. Wachovia (New York, 1902). 

DeRossett (editor). Sketches of Church History in North 
Carolina (Wilmington, 1892). 

Douglas, John. History of Steele Creek Presbyterian 
Church, Mecklenburg County (Columbia, S. C, 1872). 

Foote, William H. Sketches of North Carolina (New 
York, 1846; Durham, 1912). 

Grissom, W. L. History of Methodism in North Caro- 
lina, vol. 1 (Nashville, 1905). 

History of Methodism in Davie County (Farming- 
ton, 1893). 

Moore, M. H. Pioneers of Methodism in Virginia and 
North Carolina (Nashville, 1884). 

Phillips, Historical Sketch of the Presbyterian Church at 
Fayetteville (1889). 

Purefoy, G. W. History of the Sandy Creek Baptist As- 
sociation (New York, 1859). 
18 



Raper, C. L. Church and Private Schools in North Caro- 
lina (Greensboro, 1898). 

Reichel. The Moravians in North Carolina (Salem and 
Philadelphia 1859). 

Smith, C. L. History of Education in North Carolina 
(Washington, 1888). 

Weeks, Stephen B. Southern Quakers and Slavery (Johns 
Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1895). 

Church and State in North Carolina (Johns Hop- 
kins Studies in History and Political Science, Baltimore, 
1893). 

Religious Development of the Province of North 

Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Po- 
litical Science, Baltimore, 1892). 

The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth Cen- 
tury (Brooklyn, 1891). 

Libraries and Literatures (Annual Report Ameri- 
can Historical Association, 1895). 

The Beginning of the Common School System in 

the South (Annual Report U. S. Commissioner of Edu- 
cation, 1897). 

Williams, C. B. History of the Baptists in North Caro- 
lina (Raleigh, 1901). 

7. Monographs and Miscellaneous Works. 

Bassett, J. S. The Constitutional Beginnings of North 
Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Po- 
litical Science, Baltimore, 1894). 

The Regulators of North Carolina (Annual Re- 
port, American Historical Association, 1894). 

Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina (Johns 

Hopkins Studies in History and Political Science, Bal- 
timore, 1896). 

History of Slavery in the State of North Carolina 

(ibid, 1899). 

Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina (ibid, 

1899). 

Suffrage in North Carolina (Annual Report, Amer- 
ican Historical Association, 1895). 

Bullock. Essays in the Monetary History of the United 
States (New York, 1900). 

19 



Cook, W. D. (Editor). The Revolutionary History of 
North Carolina (Raleigh, 1853). 

Cox, S. S. Three Decades of Federal Legislation. 

Five Points in the Record of North Carolina in the Great 
War of 1861-65 (State Literary and Historical Asso- 
ciation, 1904). 

Faust, A. B. The German Element in the United States, 
2 vols. (New York, 1909). 

Graham, G. W. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde- 
pendence (New York, 1905). 

Graham, W. A. Address on the Mecklenburg Declaration 
of Independence (New York, 1875). 

Hamilton, J. G. deR. Reconstruction in North Carolina 
(Chapel Hill). 

Herbert, H. A. Why the Solid South (Baltimore, 1890). 

Hoyt, William H. The Mecklenburg Declaration of In- 
dependence (New York, 1907). 

Hughson, The Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce 
(The Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Political 
Science, Baltimore, 1894). 

Jones, J. S. Defense of Revolutionary History of North 
Carolina (B5ston, 1834). 

Kellogg, L. P. The American Colonial Charter (Annual 
Report, American Historical Association, 1903, vol. 1). 

Moore, J. H. Defense of the Declaration of Independ- 
ence (Raleigh, 1908). 

Raper, C. L. North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial 
Government (New York, 1904). 

Schwab. The Confederate States of America (New 
York, 1901). 

Stephenson, G. T. Race Distinctions in American Law 
(New York, 1910). 

Sykes, E. W. Transition of North Carolina from Colony 
to Commonwealth (Johns Hopkins Studies in History 
and Political Science, Baltimore, 1898). 

Thompson, Holland. From Cotton Field to Cotton Mill 
(New York, 1906). 

Weeks, Stephen B. (See above, Studies in Social and Re- 
ligious History.) 

20 



Wagstaff, H. M. State Rights and Political Parties in 
North Carolina, 1776-1861 (Johns Hopkins Studies, 
1906). 

Periodicals and Transactions of Societies. 

Bulletins of the North Carolina State Historical Com- 
mission (Raleigh, N. C). 

The James Sprunt Historical Publications (formerly the 
James Sprunt Historical Monographs) The University 
of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. 

The John Lawson Monographs of The Trinity College 
Historical Society (Durham, N. C). 

Historical Papers of the Trinity College Historical So- 
ciety (formerly Annual Publication of Historical Pa- 
pers), Series I-IX, Durham, N. C. 

The North Carolina Baptist Historical Papers (Wake 
Forest, N. C). 

Papers of the North Carolina Conference Historical So- 
ciety, I-II (Durham, N. C). 

The North Carolina Historical and Genealogical Register 
(vol. I, II, Edenton, N. C). 

The North Carolina Day Programme (Raleigh, State De- 
partment of Education). 

The North Carolina Review (monthly supplement to the 
News and Observer, Raleigh, N. C). 

The North Carolina University Magazine (Chapel Hill, 
N.C.). 

The North Carolina Booklet (Raleigh, N. C). 

Our Living and Our Dead (Raleigh, 1874-1876). 

The Land We Love (Charlotte, N. C, 1866-69). 

The South Atlantic Monthly (Wilmington, 1877-1881). 

The South Atlantic Quarterly (Durham, N. C). 

The Trinity Archive (Durham, N. C). 

The Wake Forest Student (Wake Forest, N. C). 

Publications of the Southern History Association (Wash- 
ington, D. C, 1897-1907). 



21 



II. THE LAND AND RESOURCES 

1. Boundaries and area. 

2. Geological formation, (Kerr, Report of the Geological Sur- 
vey of North Carolina, vol. 1, 1875). 

a. Antiquity. 

b. The "systems." 

3. Natural divisions. 

4. The mountain region : Elevation. 

a. The mountain ranges. 

b. Soil and resources. 

c. Alinerals; Forestry. 

5. The Piedmont Plateau : Elevation. 

a. Boundaries. 

b. Soil and products. 

c. Water power. 

d. Mineral resources. 

6. The Coastal Plain: Elevation. 

a. Boundaries. 

b. Soil and products. 

c. River courses and harbors. 

d. Fish and Game. 

7. Climate and Rainfall. 

8. Influence of Geography on History. 

a. Sectionalism of Nature : Drainage : Political Sec- 

tionalism. 

b. Diversity of resources : Democracy. 

c. Sea Ports : Early Immigration and Trade. 

REFERENCES : Laney and Wood, Bibliography of North Carolina 
Geology, Mineralology, and Geography, (Bulletin of the North Caro- 
lina Geological and 'Economic Survey, No. 18) ; North Carolina and 
Its Resources, (Department of Agriculture, 1896) ; Kerr, Report of 
the Geological Survey of North Carolina, (1875) ; Emmons, Geological 
Report of the Midland Counties of North Carolina, (1856) ; Emmons, 
Report of the North Carolina Geological Survey: Agriculture of the 
Eastern Counties, (1858) ; Emmons, North Carolina Geological Survey, 
part II, Agriculture (relating to soils of the Swamp Lands), i860; 
Ruffin, Sketches of Lower North Carolina, (Raleigh, 1861) ; Curtis, 
Woody Plants of North Carolina (i860); reprinted by Hale, Woods 
and Timbers of North Carolina (1883). Bulletins of the North Caro- 
lina Geological Survey; Papers of North Carolina Economic Survey; 
Geographies. 

22 



III. THE INDIANS OF NORTH CAROLINA 

1. Origin and numbers of the North Carolina Indians. 

2. Principal Tribes, their Territory and Hunting Grounds. 

a. The Cherokee (the Iroquoian Family). 

b. The Catawbas. 

c. The Eastern Tribes (The Algonquin Family). 

3. Physical Characteristics. 

4. Customs and Religion. 

5. Government. 

6. Prominent Indian Chiefs of North Carolina. 

REFERENCES: Ashe, History of North Carolina, Vol. I, pp. 179-180; 
Hill, School History of North Carolina; Royce, The Cherokee Nation 
of Indians (Bureau of American Ethnology, 5th Annual Report); 
Stringfield, The North Carolina Cherokee Indians (Booklet, Vol. Ill, 
No. 2) ; Rand, The North Carolina Indians (James Sprunt Publication 
Vol. XII) ; Hoyt, Murphey Papers II, 382-383. 

Sources: Lawson's History of North Carolina, 277-390 (Edition of 
i860) ; Brickell, Natural History of North Carolina, 277-408 (Reprint 
of 1910). 

IV. FIRST EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS IN 

NORTH CAROLINA 

1. The French under Verrazano. 

a. Cape Fear; Roanoke. 

b. Relation to French colonization. 

2. English under auspices of Sir Walter Raleigh. 

a. Life and Character of Raleigh; causes of interest 

in the new world. 

b. The charter of 1584, (Hawks, vol. I, pp. 11-17). 

c. The expedition of Amadas and Barlowe (1584). 

1. Roanoke Island. 

2. Indians. 

3. "Virginia." 

3. First Attempt at Colonization (1585-1586). 

a. Leaders : Lane, Cavendish, White, Hariot, Grenville, 

Amadas. 

b. Landing and exploration. 

c. Difficulties of the Colonists. 

1. Character and aims. 

2. Indians. 

23 



d. Return to England; Grenville's Relief Expedition. 

e. Results : Tobaccoo, Indian Corn, Potato. 
4. The Second Attempt at Colonization (1587). 

a. Governor White ; Numbers ; Destination ; Roanoke 

Island. 

b. Baptism of Manteo. 

c. Virginia Dare. 

d. White's return; expedition of 1590. 

e. Fate of the Colony ; Search Expeditions. 

f. The White Pictures (Booklet, July, 1906). 

References : Ashe, History of North Carolina, chs. II. IV. ; Hawks, 
History of North Carolina, Vol. I, pp. 1-31 ; Connor, Beginnings of 
English America, (North Carolina Historical Commission, Raleigh, 
1907); Hill, Young Peoples History of North Carolina, chs. I-II-III; 
Peele, First English Settlements in America; A study in Location, 
(North Carolina Booklet, Vol. IV, No. 7, and Publications of the 
North Carolina Historical Commission, Vol. I, pp. 267-291) ; Hamilton 
McMillan, Sir Walter Raleigh's Lost Colony; Weeks, Lost Colony of 
Roanoke (Papers of the American Historical Association, Vol. V.) ; 
Williams, The Surroundings of Raleigh's Colony (ibid.) ; Edward G. 
Daves, Raleigh's New Fort in Virginia, 1585, (Papers of the Trinity 
College Historical Society, Series I) ; Cobb, Some Changes in the 
North Carolina Coast Since 1585, (Booklet IV, No. 9.) 

Sources : Contemporary accounts of the Voyage of Barlowe and 
Grenville, Hariot's Description of "Virginia" and the Expeditions of 
White, first published in Hakluyt's Voyages, are reprinted in Hawks, 
Vol. I, pp. 69-231). 

V. THE LORDS PROPRIETORS 

1. The Proprietary. 

a. The English precedent; The County Palatine of 

Durham ; Characteristics. 

b. Application to Colonies. 

1. Causes. 

2. Proprietary Charters of Raleigh and Sir Rob- 

ert Heath. 

c. Carolana or Carolina? 

2. Colonial Interests of Charles II. 

a. The Trade Laws. 

b. The New England Commission. 

c. New Territory. 

24 



3, The Charters of 1663 and 1665. 

a. Territory. 

b. Governmental provisions. 

c. "The Lords Proprietors." 

REFERENCES : Bassett, Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina, 
pp. 17-34; Osgood, American Colonies in the 17th Century, vol. II, 
passim ; Andrews, Colonial Self Government, (American Nation 
Series,) />a^/;«;/Channing, History of the United States, II, ch. I; 
McCrady, History of South Carolina, 1670-1715, pp. 50-68; Ashe, 
History of North Carolina, ch. V, Vol. II. 

Sources : Colonial Records of North Carolina, I, pp. 1-13 : 20-33 : 
102-114; Hawks, I, pp. 11-17. 

VI. COLONIZATION OF THE LORDS PROPRIETORS : 

THE COUNTY OF CLARENDON AND THE 

ASHLEY RIVER SETTLEMENT 

1. Problems of Settlement. 

a. The Heath Claimants; the second Charter. 

b. The New England and London proposals (C. R. 

I, 36).* 

c. The Barbadian interest. 

1. The People; economic conditions; political 
affairs. 

2. The exploration of the Cape Fear in 1662 
and 1663 (C. R. I, 67). 

3. Sir John Colleton. 

2. The Declaration and Proposals of 1663 (C. R. I, 113). 

a. Aims. 

b. Provisions. 

c. Immigration; The County of Clarendon (C. R. I, 

71-73) ; Charlestown; lack of prosperity. 

3. The Second Migration. 

a. Sir John Yeamans; the Adventurers. 

b. The Concessions and Agreement (C. R. I, 75). 

c. Progress and discontent. 

1. Causes (C. R. I, 145). 

2. Abandonment of Clarendon; significance in 
the history of North Carolina. 

*C. R. here and elsewhere refers to Colonial Records. 

25 



4. The Ashley River Settlement. 

a. Anthony Ashley Cooper. 

b. The Fundamental Constitutions. 

1. Political ideal. 

2. Social organization. 

3. Popular liberty. 

c. Charlestown (Charleston, S. C). 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 72-83; McCrady, 
History of South Carolina, 1670-1719, pp. 68-128; Hawks, History of 
North Carolina, II, pp. 68-84; Bassett, The County of Clarendon, (N. 
C. Booklet, Vol. II, No. 9) ; idem, Constitutional Beginnings of N. C, 

PP. 35-43- 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I. 

VII. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE 
PROPRIETORS 

1. Governmental System of the Fundamental Constitutions. 

2. Modified Application: The Instructions (C. R. I, 181:235: 

333:373). 

3. The Governor. 

a. Relation to Proprietors and Deputies. 

b. Independent Functions. 

4. The Council. 

a. Periods of development: 1665-1670; 1670-1691; 

1691-1724. 

b. The Grand Council ; the Palatine's Court. 

5. The Assembly. 

a. Membership. 

b. Development. 

c. Powers. 

6. The Courts. 

a. The General Court. 

b. The Precinct Court. 

c. The Court of Chancery. 

d. The Court of Admiralty. 

e. The Judicial Functions of the Council. 

7. Financial Officers. 

References : Bassett, Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina 
(Johns Hopkins Studies Series XV,) Ch. IV; Ashe, History of North 
Carolina, pp. 98-104: 106-108; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 

26 



pp. 187-212; Daves, Locke's Fundamental Constitutions (North Caro- 
lina Booklet, July, 1907.) 

Sources: The Fundamental Constitutions (edition of 1669) C. R. 
Vol. I, pp. 187-206; Instructions of the Proprietors, (C. R. Vol. I, 
cited above.) 

VIII. THE GENESIS OF ALBEMARLE 

1. Early Exploration and Settlements. 

a. Causes. 

b. Leaders. 

c. Relation to Virginia. 

2. Proprietary Authority Established. 

a. The first Governor : Drummond : Nathaniel Batts. 

b. The name Albemarle. 

3. Economic Policy of Proprietors. 

a. Berkeley's instructions (C. R. I, 50). 

b. The Concessions of 1650 ( C. R. I, 79). 

4. Early Political Activities. 

a. The First Assembly (1665), (Unveiling of Tablet 

at Nixonton, Booklet, July, 1910). 

b. The Great Deed of Grant. 

c. The First Laws, (C. R. I, 183). 

5. Character of the People: Evidence. 

a. Debtor laws (C. R. I, 665 :682). 

b. Small plantations (C. R. I, 690). 

c. Virginia testimony; Governor Nicholson; William 

Byrd, Etc. 

d. Early wills. 

e. Religion (Edmundson and Fox; C. R. I, 215). 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, chs 6 and 8; 
Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 441-453 ; Hill, Young Peoples 
History of North Carolina, ch 3; Introduction to the Colonial Records, 
Vol. I ; Cheshire, First Settlers in North Carolina not Religious 
Refugees, (Booklet, April, 1906.) 

Sources: Colonial Records (pp. cited) ; Byrd, History of the Divid- 
ing Line ; Grimes, Early North Carolina Wills ; The Discovery of New 
Brittaine (1650) and Francis Yeardley's Narrative of Excursions into 
North Carolina, 1654, in Salley, Narratives of Early Carolina, pp. 5-29; 
Hawks, Vol. II, pp. 15-22: 26-29. 



27 



IX. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, I 

THE NAVIGATION ACTS 

1. Discontent. 

a. Of the Proprietors (C. R. I, 228-230: 230-232). 

b. Of the people. 

2. The Navigation Acts. 

a. Acts of 1660, 1662 and 1663 (MacDonald, Select 

Charters and other Documents 1606-1775, Nos. 
23, 25, 28). 

b. Illicit trade of Albemarle ; the New England Mer- 

chantmen! (C. R. I, 244-246). 

c. The Act of 1672 (MacDonald, No. 34) ; Applica- 

tion to North Carolina. 

3. Indian War; Durant; Reduction of Duties. 

4. Quarrels of Governor Jenkins; Miller; The Assembly. 

5. Eastchurch and Miller. 

a. Enforcement of customs. 

b. Gilliam and Culpepper. 

6. The Culpepper Rebellion. 

a. The "Free Parliament." 

b. Trial of Miller. 

c. "Free Trade." 

d. Policy of the Proprietors. 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. X; Hawks, His- 
tory of North Carolina, Vol. II, 462-484; Hill, Young Peoples History 
of North Carolina, ch 8; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History, 
ch. 2. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I, 248-261 : 262-283 : 284-301 : 303- 
3ii: 3*3-333- 

X. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, II 

1679-1698 

1. The Policy of Conciliation. 

a. Governor Sothel ; John Harvey and Henry Wilkin- 

son, acting Governors. 

b. The Council and other officials. 

c. The rights of Quakers restored. 

d. Damage Cases : the Act of Oblivion : Customs 

restored by Tax. 

28 



2. Administration of Sothel (1683-1689). 

a. Period of satisfaction (1683-1686). 

b. Period of oppression and corruption (1686-1689) ; 

Charges of the Proprietors (C. R. I, 367-371). 

3. The Revolution of 1688 in Albemarle. 

a. The Revolution in England; in the colonies (Chan- 

ing's History of the United States, II ch. 7). 

b. Leaders in Albemarle. 

c. Arrest of Sothel ; citation to England ; expulsion 

from the colony. 

d. Sothel's subsequent history. 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. n; Hawks, His- 
tory of North Carolina, Vol. n, pp. 484-490; Channing, History of 
United States, Vol. II, ch. 7. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. 

XI. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, III 

REORGANIZATION: ALBEMARLE BECOMES NORTH 
CAROLINA 

1. Administration of Philip Ludwell. 

a. Character and experience of Ludwell. 

b. Resistance of Captain John Gibbs (C. R. I, 

363-365). 

c. Constitutional changes under Ludwell (C. R. I, 

362). 

1. Governor of Carolina N. and E. of the Cape 

Fear (1689), (C. R. I, 360). 

2. Governor of Carolina ; Deputy for North 

Carolina (C. R. I, 373, 380-381). 

3. Permission for North Carolina to have a 
special Assembly (C. R. I, 380). 

4. Choice of Governor (Instructions, C. R. I, 
373). 

5. Separation of Council and Assembly (1691). 

6. The General Court. 

d. The Great Deed of Grant. 

2. Administration of Archdale. 

a. The Great Deed of Grant confirmed. 

b. New precincts. 

c. The Virginia Boundary Dispute. 

29 



References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. XII, to p. 149; 
Hawks, Vol. II, 491-502; Hill, Young Peoples History of North Caro- 
lina, ch. X. 

Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, (pp. cited and passim) 

XII. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND THE 
CARY REBELLION 

1. Religious Conditions in Albemarle. 

2. Religious Policy of the Proprietors. 

a. Religious provisions in the charters and the Funda- 
mental Constitutions. 

3. The First Church Law. 

a. Henderson Walker. 

b. The Vestry Act (1701). 

c. The Reaction in 1803 ; Protest through John Porter; 

the Proprietors and the Vestry Act. 

4. The Second Movement to Establish the Church. 

a. The Bishop of London ; Dr. Thomas Bray ; The S. 

P. C. K. 

b. Lord John Granville ; Sir Nathaniel Johnston, and 

the South Carolina Vestry Law of 1704. 

c. Robert Daniel, Deputy Governor of North Carolina ; 

The oaths of allegiance; The vestry law of 1705. 

d. Protest of the dissenters ; removal of Daniel. 

5. Thomas Cary: Life and Character. 

a. The test oath (C. R. I, 709). 

b. Second protest through John Porter: Removal of 

Cary. 

6. William Glover, President of the Council and Deputy 

Governor, 
a. The test oaths again administered. 

7. Restoration of Cary and the Dual Administration. 

a. The Council divided. 

b. The Assembly of 1708; Edward Mosely; repeal of 

the test laws. 

c. Flight of Glover. 

8. Edward Hyde. 

a. President of Council : First Governor of North Car- 

olina (C. R. I, 775). 

b. Assembly of 1711 ; sedition law; vestry act (C. R. I, 

769). 

30 



c. Armed resistance under Cary : Intervention of Gov- 

ernor Spotswood of Virginia. 

d. Policy of the English authorities in arrest of Cary 

and others. 
9. Significance and Results. 

REFERENCES : Weeks, Religious Development in the Province of 
North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies, series X, Nos. V-VI) ; Ashe, 
History of North Carolina, chs. 13-14; DeRossett (editor), Church 
History of North Carolina, ch. 3; McCrady, History of South Carolina, 
1670-1719, passim; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History, ch. IV. 

Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. 

XIII. SOUTHWARD EXTENSION OF SETTLEMENTS 

1. The French. 

a. The Pamlico River Colony. 

b. The Neuse and Trent Settlement. 

2. The Swiss. 

a. De Graffenried and Michel. 

b. The Swiss Protestants of Berne. 

3. The Palatines. 

a. Causes of persecution. 

b. Migration to England. 

c. Queen Anne, the Proprietors, and De Graffenreid. 

4. Settlement of the Cape Fear. 

5. New Towns : Bath, Newbern, Edenton. 

References : Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, pp. 169-171 ; Hawks, 
History of North Carolina, II, pp. 84-91 ; De Graffenried and the Swiss 
and Palatine Settlement of New Berne, (Papers of the Trinity College 
Historical Society, series, IV) ; Hill, Young Peoples History of North 
Carolina, ch. 12; Colonial Newbern, (Booklet, June, 1901) ; Goebel, 
Early Newbern (N. C. Review, August, 1910) ; Waddell, History of 
New Hanover County, passi))i. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. 

XIV. THE TUSCARORA WAR 

1. Causes. 

2. Opening of the Conflict. 

a. Capture of De Graffenried and Lawson, September 

10, 1711; Fate of Lawson. 

b. The Massacre of September 22, 1711. 

31 



3. Appeal to Virginia and South Carolina for Aid; Governor 

Spotswood. 

4. The First South Carolina Expedition. 

a. Colonel Barnwell and his troops ; route ; battles. 

b. The truce ; Dissatisfaction of Governor Hyde : Re- 

turn of the South Carolina Indians. 

5. The War Renewed. 

a. Military measures (C. R. I, 877). 

b. Yellow fever ; Death of Governor Hyde. 

c. Treaty with Tom Blount. 

d. The Second South Carolina Expedition under James 
Moore; route. 

6. The Final Battles. 

a. Fort Naharoco. 

7. The Removal of the Tuscaroras. 

8. Political Development during the War. 

a. Leadership of the Assembly. 

b. Paper money. 

REFERENCES : Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, ch. XV ; Hawks, 
History of North Carolina, II, 525-552; Clark, Indian Massacre and 
Tuscarora War (Booklet, July, 1902). 

Sources : The Journal of De Graffenried, Correspondence of Spottes- 
wood and Pollock, etc. (C. R. Vols. I, II) ; The Journal of John 
Barnwell, (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vols. V, 
VI) ; Letters of Barnwell (South Carolina Historical and Genealogical 
Magazine, January, 1908). 

XV. THE LAST YEARS OF PROPRIETARY 
GOVERNMENT 

1. Recovery after the Tuscarora War. 

a. Policy of Proprietors toward Land Grants. 

2. The aggressive spirit of the Assembly. 

a. Compilation of Laws. 

b. The Church Law. 

c. Representation of the Precincts in the Lower House. 

3. Governor Eden. 

a. Character. 

b. Quarrel with the Lower House. 

c. Relation with the Pirates. 

d. Quarrels with Moseley and Moore. 

32 



4. Governor Burrington. 

a. Previous life and character. 

b. Sympathies with the people. 

c. Quarrels and removal. 

5. Sir Richard Everard. 

a. Character. 

b. Conflict with Assembly ; constitutional privileges de- 

manded. 

6. Personal Quarrels. 

REFERENCES : Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 196-215 ; Hill, 
Young Peoples History of North Carolina, ch. 2; Hawks, History of 
North Carolina, II, 553-570; Haywood, Sir Richard Everard (Publica- 
tions of the Southern History Association, Vol. II) and Geo. Burring- 
ton (Biographical History of North Carolina, Vol. I.) 

XVI. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS UNDER THE 
PROPRIETORS 

1. Growth of Population (C. R. II, xvii). 

2. The Land System. 

a. Average number of acres in each grant. 

b. The quit rent. 

3. Trade and Commerce. 

a. Influence of geography. 

b. Virginia. 

c. The New England Traders. 

4. The Pirates. 

a. Causes of piracy. 

b. North Carolina a resort for pirates. 

c. Careers of Teach and Bonnett. 

5. The Products of North Carolina. 

6. The Labor System. 

7. Money. 

8. The Towns : Bath, Edenton. Newbern, Wilmington. 

References : Hawks, Vol. II, chs. 3 and 4 ; Hughson, Carolina Pirates 
and Colonial Commerce (Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series 
XII, Nos. V, VI, VII) ; Bullock, Essays in the Monetary System of 
United States, i75-*39; Ashe, Our Own Pirates (Booklet, June, 1908); 
Bassett, Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina, (Johns Hopkins 
Studies, Series XIV, No. IV) ; Bassett, Land Holding in Colonial 
Carolina (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series 

33 



VII) ; Morgan, The Land System of North Carolina, in press (James 
Sprunt Historical Publication). 

Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, II, III, passim; Laws of North 
Carolina (State Records, Vol. XXIII). 

XVII. TRANSFER OF THE COLONY TO THE CROWN 

1. Failure of Proprietary Colonization. 

a. Conditions among the Proprietors ; the changing 

personnel; law suits (ex. the share of Lord Clar- 
endon: Sir William Berkeley:) ; Lack of Interest 
in the Colony ; Rare meetings of the Proprietary 
Board (McCrady, 276-7, 636). 

b. Relations of the Proprietors with the Colony. 

1. Little investment of money. 

2. Character of Governors. 

3. Failure to approve laws. 

4. Failure to protect people from Indians and 
Pirates. . 

2. The Colony in Resistance to the British Government. 

a. The Culpepper Rebellion. 

b. The church law of 1704; the Cary Rebellion. 

3. Movements to Annul the Charters to 1689. 

a. Complaint and activity against New England 

(1675-1684). 

b. Dissolution of Bermuda Company (1683) ; policy 

of the Proprietors in the trial of Culpepper. 

c. Quo Warranto Measures of 1685 (Pennsylvania 

and Carolina excepted, C. R. I, 353). 

4. Significance of the Revolution of 1688. 

a. In the constitutional history of the Colonies. 

b. In the relation of Colonies to England. All govern- 

ors to be approved by the crown and under oath 
to enforce the law ; admiralty courts. 

5. Later Movements to Annul the Charters. 

a. Bill of 1701. 

b. Bill of 1706. 

c. Bill of 1715. 

6. The Revolution in South Carolina. 

a. Causes. 

b. Appeal of the People to the Crown. 

34 



c. Royal Government established (1719). 
7. The sale of Carolina to the Crown. 

References: Kellog, The American Colonial Charter, (Annual Re- 
port, American Historical Association, 1903) ; pp. 201-207; 246-250 and 
ch. IV; McCrady, History of South Carolina (70-719, ch. XXX); 
Carr, The Sale of Carolina to the King (Trinity Archive, March, 
1902.) 

Sources: The Colonial Records, Vol. II, (passim.) 

XVIII. NATURE OF THE ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 

1. Established Forms Remain: The Spirit of Institutions 
Changed. 

a. The Governor (the commission of Burrington, C. 

R. 111,66). 

1. Representatives of the Crown: Oath. 

2. Power to embody the militia and erect forts. 

3. Administration of public lands. 

4. With the courts : to establish markets and 

fairs. 

5. With the Council : to establish courts : ap- 
pointment of judges in the hands of the gov- 
ernor. 

6. The pardoning power. 

7. To adjourn, prorogue and dissolve the As- 
sembly. 

8. Veto laws. 

9. The collation of benefices. 

b. The Council: Instruction of Burrington, (C. R. 

Ill, 90-93). 

1. Relation to Crown: Oath. 

2. Relation to Governor : Oath. 

3. Administrative and lawmaking body. 

c. The Lower House (Instruction of Burrington, C. 

R., Ill 93). 

1. Representation. 

2. Freehold suffrage. 

3. Privileges of membership curtailed (Free- 
dom from arrest, adjournment without gov- 
ernor's consent, complete power over money 
bills). 

35 



d. Form of Revenue Bills to express "granted or 

reserved to us our heirs and successors," etc. ; 
auditing by British authorities. 

e. No Bills of Credit valid unless law authorizing them 

referred to. 
2. The Causes of Constitutional Controversy. 

a. Powers of the Lower House exercised during the 

Proprietary period. 

b. Demand for larger legislative privilege and popular 

control of the government. 

References : Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial 
Government, chs. II, III, IV; Cooke, The Governor, Council and 
Assembly in Colonial North Carolina, (James Sprunt Historical Publi- 
cation, vol. 12, No. I.) 

Sources: Commission and Instructions of Burrington, (Colonial 
Records, Vol. Ill, passim.) 

XIX. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CON- 
TROVERSIES, 1729-1765, I 

1. The Governors (Burrington, Johnston, Dobbs). 

a. Previous activity, character, and fitness for office 
of each. 

2. Problems of the Land System. 

a. Quit rents. 

1. Instructions of the Crown (C. R. Ill, 144- 
146: IV 8-10: 110-114). 

2. Views of the Colonists (C. R. IV 20-22: 

108-110). 

3. Compromise of 1738 disallowed by Crown 

(C. R. IV, 415-416: 425-432: 434-435). 

4. Settlement of 1748; disallowed (C. R. V, 
93-97). 

5. Law of 1755 (C. R. V, 447-461). 

6. Triumph of the Crown : Regulations through 

instructions after 1755. 

b. Lord Granville's Share. 

1. Origin of his claim. 

2. Survey of 1743 and deeds of 1744 (C. R. IV, 
655-663). 

36 



3. Resulting problems (C. R. IV, Introduction), 
c. The McCulloch Grants (C. R. vol. IV, Introduction, 
253-254: V, 770-782: VI, 773-774: 996-998). 

References : Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial 
Government, pp. 38-60, 187-193, ch. 2; Ashe, History of North Carolina 
Vol. I, passim; Introduction to Colonial Records, Vols. Ill, IV, V. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vols. Ill, IV, V, passim. 

XX. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL 

CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, II 

THE CURRENCY PROBLEM 

1. Condition prior to Johnston's administration. 

a. Proprietary issues ; Depreciation. 

b. Failure of Redemption Tax of 1729 (C. R. IV 179).' 

c. Instructions of the Crown (C. R. Ill, 95, 498). 

2. The Issue of 1735. 

a. £40,000 to retire issue of 1729 to be redeemed in 

1745; £12,500 for expenses with redemption tax. 

b. Depreciation: 700 paper equal 100 sterling (C. R. 

IV, 225) ; 1000 to 100 (C. R. IV, 416). 

c. The misappropriation. 

3. The intercolonial war and the issue of 1748. 

4. Taxation : Administration of the Revenue. 

References : Bullock, Essays in the Monetary History of the United 
States, pp. 125-155 ; Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial 
Government, pp. 125-139; The Finances of the North Carolina Colonists 
(Booklet VII, No. 2.) 

XXI. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL 
CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, III 

THE UNARMED REBELLION OF 1746 AND THE SPANISH 
WAR OF 1748 

1. Sectionalism. 

a. Divergences of Albemarle and Bath. 

b. Burrington and Johnston favor Bath ; Reasons. 

1. No tradition of opposition to the government. 

2. Desire to build up a governor's party. 

c. The program of Johnston. 

1. The Assembly at Newbern (1746) and the 
Bill for a Capitol. 
37 



2. The prorogation : the session at Wilming- 
ton ; the Quorum ; Newbern the Capitol ; 
representation equalized, 
d. Results ; the Albemarle members refuse to partici- 
pate in the Government; consequent weakness in 
revenue and court system. 
2. The Spanish Invasion. 

REFERENCES : Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 268-271 ; Colonial 
Records, Vol. IV, Preface, pp. XVIII-XX; Raper, North Carolina, 
A Study in English Colonial Government, passim. 

XXII. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL 
CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, IV 

THE CONSTITUTIONAL REVISIONS OF 1754-1759 

1. Adjustment of Representation and the Capital. 

2. Organization of counties and towns. 

3. The Quorum. 

4. The Judiciary. 

a. The Source of Justice ; the Assembly and the Crown. 

b. The Law of 1746 set aside. 

c. The deadlock of 1759-60; Short term Court Laws. 

References : Raper, North Carolina, a Study in Royal Government, 
passim; Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, 284-5: 296-7; Preface to 
Colonial Records, Vol. V. 

Sources: Colonial Records, V, 81-93: 115-117, passim. 

XXIII. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL 
CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, V 

THE FRENCH AND THE INDIAN WAR 

1. Causes of the War. 

2. The Crisis of 1754. 

a. The appeal of Governor Dinwiddie. 

b. Regiment and £40,000 voted. 

c. First contribution of a colony to the interest of all 

colonies. 

3. Colonel James Innes and the Expedition of 1754-5. 

4. Governor Dobbs and the West. 

5. The Indian Rising of 1759. 

38 



6. Other Contributions of North Carolina in the War. 

7. New issues of Paper Money. 

a. Bills of 1754 and 1760-61. 

b. Treasury notes (1756, 1757, 1758-59, 1768). 

8. Constitutional Issues resulting from the war. 

a. Right of the Lower House to control and direct 

expenses. 

1. 1754 (C. R. V, 287). 

2. The British Indemnity Fund. 

4. The Appointment of the Treasurer. 

b. Significance of the constitutional controversy dur- 

ing the War; sense of colonial rights intensified. 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, 282-284: 289-292; 
Waddell, A Colonial Officer, chs. I, II ; Raper, North Carolina, A Study 
in English Colonial Government, passim; Introduction to Colonial 
Records, Vol. V. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. V, passim. 

XXIV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
1729-1775, I 

DEVELOPMENT OF THE LOWER CAPE FEAR 

1. Geographical and strategic importance of the Cape Fear 

River. 

2. Causes which checked early development. 

a. Failure of the County of Clarendon. 

b. "The Cape of Fear." 

c. The Pirates. 

d. Indians. 

e. Closing the land office. 

3. Influences leading to permanent settlement, 
a. Governor Burrington and the Moores. 

4. Brunswick (1725). 

5. Newtowne. 

a. The Governor's dislike of Brunswick. 

b. Harbor. 

c. Incorporation as Wilmington (1740) ; the vote and 

the charter. 

6. Life on the Lower Cape Fear, 
a. Leading families. 

39 



b. Trade. 

c. Plantations. 
7. Fort Johnston. 

References : Connor, Cornelius Harnett and the Settlement of the 
Cape Fear (South Atlantic Quarterly, July, 1907) ; McKoy, Incidents 
of the Early and Permanent Settlement of the Cape Fear (Booklet, 
January, 1908) ; Waddell, History of New Hanover County, passim ; 
George Davis, Address on the Early Times and Men of the Cape Fear; 
Sprunt, Tales of the Lower Cape Fear; Hamilton, Fort Johnston (N. C. 
Reviews, June, 191 1). 

Sources : Letters and Documents relating to the Early History of the 
Cape Fear (Sprunt Historical Monographs, No. 4.) 

XXV. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
1729-1775, II 

THE HIGHLAND SCOTCH AND THE UPPER CAPE FEAR 

1. Causes of the Scotch Immigration. 

a. Economic. 

b. Political; the revolt of 1745; defeat at Culloden, 

terms after the battle. 

c. Influence of Governor Johnston. 

d. Privileges of 1740 (C.R. IV, 489-490: 532-533). 

2. Method of Immigration : Groups and clans. 

a. Earliest settlement (1729). 

b. Dugald McNeal and the immigration of 1739. 

c. The battle of Culloden ; increase of immigration. 

3. Places of Settlement : Cross Creek, Campbellton. 

4. Social Characteristics. 

a. Dress. 

b. Language. 

c. Occupation. 

5. Flora McDonald. 

REFERENCES : Foote, Sketches of North Carolina, chs. X, XII ; 
McRae, The Highland-Scotch Settlement in North Carolina, (Booklet, 
February, 1901) ; North Carolina Day Programme 1905; McLean, 
Flora MacDonald in America; Ashe, History of North Carolina, 265- 
266. 



40 



XXVI. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 

1729-1775, III 

THE SCOTCH IRISH 

1. Origin of the Scotch Irish. 

a. Strathclyde. 

b. Migration to Ireland. 

2. Causes of Migration to North Carolina. 

a. Religious. 

b. Economic. 

3. How they reached North Carolina. 

a. Philadelphia and Charleston. 

b. Search for new lands. 

c. Zone of settlements. 

4. Economic and Social Characteristics. 

a. System of labor. 

b. Professions. 

c. Religion. 

References: Foote, Sketches of North Carolina, chs, IV, VII, IX; 
McKelway, The Scotch Irish Settlement, (Booklet, March, 1905) ; 
North Carolina Day Programme, 1907 ; Hanna, Scotch Irish in Ameri- 
ca: Roosevelt, Winning of the West, Vol. I, ch. 5; Lecky, Ireland in the 
Eighteenth Century, I, 171-240; 422-465. 

XXVII. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 

1729-1775, IV 

THE QUAKERS 

1. Quaker Immigration to the East. 

2. The Quaker Immigration to the West, 
a. Source and causes. 

3. Quaker Settlements. 

4. Social and Political Characteristics. 

References: Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery, passim; Peele, 
Rich Square Meeting, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical 
Society, Series, VI) ; Bryan, Social Traits of the Quakers of Rich 
Square, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series, 
VII, VIII); White, The Quakers of Perquimans, (Booklet, April, 
1908). 

41 



XXVIII. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 

1729-1775, V 

THE GERMANS 

1. Conditions on the Rhine and in southwest Germany lead- 

ing to immigration. 

a. The wars. 

b. Religious conditions. 

c. Economic conditions. 

2. How the Germans reached North Carolina. 

a. Redemptioners : Philadelphia and Charleston. 

b. The intercolonial migration. 

c. The zone of settlement. 

3. Characteristics of the Germans. 

a. Labor. 

b. Contribution to agriculture and industries. 

c. Language. 

d. Attitude toward politics. 

e. Religion. 

REFERENCES : Faust, The German Element in the United States, I, ch. 
Ill, pp. 228-231, vol. IV, ch. II ; Bernheim, The German Element and 
the Lutheran Church in the Carolinas, chs. I, II ; German Palatines 
(North Carolina Booklet, April, 1905) ; North Carolina Day Pro- 
gramme, 1908; Nixon, The German Settlers of Lincoln and Catawba 
Counties (James Sprunt Historical Publications, Vol. XI, No. 2.) 

XXIX. SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 
1729-1775, VI 

THE MORAVIAN BRETHREN 

1. Origin and history of the Moravians. 

a. The Unitas Fratrum (1457). 

b. Separation from Catholicism (1467). 

c. Persecution and activities (to 1725). 

1. Literary works. 
. 2. Poland : Prussia. 
3. "The Hidden Seed" in Moravia. 

d. Re-establishment of the Unitas Fratrum. 

1. Count Zinzendorf of Saxony. 

2. England. . 

3. Pennsylvania and Georgia. 

42 



2. Religious Ideals and Methods. 

a. Evangelical. 

b. Missions. 

c. Work within established church (Diaspora). 

d. Members. 

3. Causes of the Migration to North Carolina. 

a. Need of larger resources. 

b. Religious persecution in Europe. 

4. The Contract with Lord Granville (1751). 

a. The Journey of Bishop Spangenburg. 

b. Location of Wachovia. 

5. The Coming of Colonists (1753). 

a. Route. 

b. Early activities. 

c. Towns; Bethabara, Bethania, Salem. 

References : Clewell, History of Wachevia, chs. I-VIII ; North Caro- 
lina Review, November, 191 1; Reichel, The Moravians of North Caro- 
lina; Fries, Forsythe County; idem, Der North Carolina Land und 
Colonie Etablishment (Booklet, April, 1910) Encyclopedias under 
Moravians. 

Sources: Diary of Bishop Spangenburg (Colonial Records, V. 1-14; 
Reichel (?), Appendix, 1144-1163.) 

XXX. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT, 1729-1775, I 
RISE OF PRESBYTERIANS 

1. Early Presbyterians of the Albemarle section. 

2. North Carolina a Mission Field. 

a. Highland Scotch and Scotch Irish without pastors. 

b. The Presbyteries of New Castle and New Hanover. 

c. Nassau Hall (Princeton) and its influence. 

d. Educational activities. 

3. Early Ministers and Churches of the Highland Scotch. 

a. James Campbell. 

4. Pastors and Churches of the Scotch Irish. 

a. Hugh McAden. 

b. Alexander Craighead. 

c. Henry Patillo. 

d. David Caldwell. 

References: Foote, Sketches of North Carolina, ch. IV., pp. 131-13S; 
chs. XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII ; Vann, History of the Presbyterian 

43 



church at New Bern; Caruther's Life of Caldwell; Historic Centre 
church, (Charlotte Observer, November 13, 191 1) ; Douglas, History of 
Steele Creak church, Mecklenburg County; McKay, Centenary Sermon 
delivered before the Presbytery of Fayetteville (1858) ; Banks, Cen- 
tenial Historical Address delivered before the Presbytery of Fayette- 
ville (1858); Phillips, Historical Sketch of the Presbyterian church of 
Fayetteville, (1889) ; Colonial Records, Vol. V. Appendix, pp. 1193- 
1228. 



XXXI. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT, 1729-1775, II 
COMING OF THE BAPTISTS 

1. Early Baptists of the Albemarle section. 

a. First Notice (1695). 

b. Perquimmans Church on Chowan River (1727) ; 

(The Earliest Baptist congregation organized in 
North Carolina in N. C. Hist, and Geneological 
Register, April, 1900). Paul Palmer. 

c. Kehukee Church (1742). 

d. Irregularities of the Albemarle Baptists. 

e. The Philadelphia Association and John Gano. 

2. The Yadkin Baptists. 

a. The "New Jersey Settlement." 

b. Pennsylvania Immigrants. 

3. The New Lights. 

a. The New England Revival. 

b. The Separatists and Regulars. 

c. Mission of Rev. Shubal Stearns. 

1. Sandy Creek Church. 

2. Sandy Creek Association (1758). 

4. The Kehukee Association (1765). 

5. Characteristics of early Baptists in North Carolina. 

a. New England element. 

b. Migration by Congregations. 

c. Religious views and customs. 

References : Purefoy's History of the Sandy Creek Association, 
chs. Ill, IV, VI ; Biggs, History of the Kehukee Association, chs. I, 
II; Benedict, History of the Baptists; Morgan Edwards, History of 
the Baptists; Williams, History of the Baptists in North Carolina, chs. 
Ill- VI; The Baptists Historical Papers, Vol. I, Nos. 2, 3, 4; Vol, II, 
Nos. 1, 2. 

44 



XXXII. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT, 1729-1775, III 
THE LUTHERAN AND GERMAN REFORM CHURCHES 

1. Early German Settlers without Pastors. 

2. First Lutheran Congregations and Churches: St. Johns, 

Salisbury; Organ Church, Rowan County; St. Johns, 
Cabarrus County. 

3. The first Lutheran pastors. 

a. Application to Consistory of Hanover for pastors 

(1772). 

b. Revs. Adolph Nussman and J. G. Arndt. 

c. Effect of the Revolution; the University of Helm- 

stadt and the N. C. Lutherans. 

d. The Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina 

(1803). 

4. The German Reformed. 

REFERENCES : Bernheim, German Settlements and the Lutheran 
church in the Carolinas, passim; History of the Evangelical Lutheran 
Synod of North Carolina (passim) ; Historical Sketch of the Reformed 
church in North Carolina. 

XXXIII. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT, 1729-1775, IV 

THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND 

1. The Vestry Laws of 1715 and 1741. 

a. Parishes. 

b. Vestries. 

1. Eccleasiastical duties. 

2. Civil functions. 

c. Church taxes, general and local. 

d. Later laws regarding the Church. 

2. Slow Growth of the Church of England. 

a. Lack of organization; the Society for the Propoga- 
tion of the Gospel; the Bishop of London. 

b. Character of the clergy. 

c. Increase of Dissenters blocks the Vestry Law (C. R. 

vol. VI, 595; VII, 241). 

d. Royal Prerogative vs. Colonial Rights. 

1. The colonial churchmen assert right of ap- 
pointing the clergy and control of their 
churches vs. the Crown and the Bishop of 
45 



London; (C. R. VI, 10, 81, 223, VII, 103 
Weeks, 32-36). 
3. Discrimination against the Dissenters. 

a. Principle of the Schism Act of 1714 embodied in 

the instructions to the Governors (Weeks, 23-25 : 
32:39-41). 

b. Marriage (Weeks, 42-46). 

c. Militia (Weeks, 46-47). 

REFERENCES : Weeks, Church and State in North Carolina (Johns 
Hopkins Studies, series XI, No. 5); De Rossett, (Editor), Sketches of 
Church History in North Carolina, pp. 58-90 ; Haywood, Lives of the 
Bishops of North Carolina, ch. I; Oliver, The Society for the Propa- 
gation of the Gospel in Colonial North Carolina, (Sprunt Historical 
Publication, Vol. IX, No. 1.) 

XXXIV. RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT, 1729-1775, V 
PIONEERS OF METHODISM 

1. Joseph Pilmoor. 

2. The Revival of 1774 in Virginia extends to North 

Carolina, 
a. Robert Williams and Thomas Rankin. 

3. Carolina Circuit (1776) becomes Roanoke Circuit 

(1778) ; Tar River and New Hope (1779). 

4. Methodism checked by the Revolution. 

a. Wesley's Letters. 

b. Many Methodist Pioneers Englishmen. 

c. Experiences of Jesse Lee (Thrift, Memoirs of Jesse 

Lee, p. 29). 

5. Some First Things in North Carolina Methodism (Gris- 

som, Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, 
Series IX). 

References : Grissom, History of Methodism in North Carolina, 
chs. II, III, IV; Some First Things in North Carolina Methodism, 
(Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series IX) ; Lee, 
Short History of the Methodists in the United States of America, 
passim; Moore, Pioneers of Methodism in North Carolina and Vir- 
ginia; Burkhead (Editor), Centennial of Methodism in North Caro- 
lina. 

46 



XXXV. EDUCATION IN COLONIAL TIMES 

1. Predominance of Religious Motives. 

2. Schools of the Church of England. 

a. Charles Griffin and Rev. James Adams. 

b. The New Bern Academy (1764) and the Edenton 

Academy (1770). 

3. The Presbyterian Schools. 

a. Crowfield. 

b. "Caldwell's Log College." 

c. Queen's Museum. 

4. The Methodist School on the Yadkin (Davie County). 

5. The German Schoolmasters. 

6. Public Education Foreshadowed. 

a. The Innes and Winwright Wills. 

b. Movement for Public Support of Schools (1749). 

REFERENCES: Raper, Church and Private Schools in N. C, passim; 
Smith, History of Education in N. C, passim, and Schools in Colonial 
Times (N. C. Booklet, April 1909) ; Foote, Sketches of N. C. Ch. XXV. 

Sources : Coon, Documentary History of Public Education in N. C. 
Vol. I. 

XXXVI. LITERATURE IN COLONIAL DAYS 

1. Printers and Printing Presses. 

a. James Davis. 

b. Andrew Steuart. 

c. The office of public printer. 

2. -The First Books. 

a. "Swan's Revisal" ; Hall's Collection of Many 
Christian Experiences (1753). 

3. The Newspapers. 

a. The North Carolina Gazette (1755). 

b. The North Carolina Magazine or Universal Intelli- 

gencer (1764). 

c. The North Carolina Gazette and Post Boy (1764). 

d. The Cape Fear Mercury (1769). 

4. Miscellaneous Books. 

REFERENCES : Weeks, The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth 
Century ; Libraries and Literature in North Carolina in the Eighteenth 
Century. 

47 



XXXVII. TERRITORIAL EXPANSION AND 
LOCAL GOVERNMENT 

1. The New Counties. 

a. From 1729 to 1775. 

2. County Government. 

a. The appointment of officials. 

b. The Courts. 

c. Representation in the Assembly. 

1. Rivalry of old and new counties; the West. 

3. The New Towns 

a. Cross Creek becomes Campbellton: Fayetteville. 

b. Corbinton; Childsburg; Hillsboro. 

c. Salisbury Township (1733): Borough (1770). 

d. Charlotte. 

4. Town Government. 

a. The Borough Charters. 

b. Officers. 

c. Citizenship. 

d. Representation. 

REFERENCES : Wheeler, History of North Carolina, p. 138 or N. C. 
Day Program, 191 1 (for new counties) ; Nash, Borough Towns of 
North Carolina (Booklet, October, 1906) ; Rumple, History of Rowan 
County; Nash, Hillsboro Colonial and Revolutionary, and History of 
Orange County (Booklet October, 1910) ; Tompkins, History of Meck- 
lenburg County; Alexander, History of Mecklenburg County; Fries, 
History of Forsythe County; Guess, County Government in Colonial 
Nor h Carolina (Sprunt IT'.' torical Publication, Vol. XI, No. I.) 

Sources : Laws of North Carolina, passim. 

XXXVIII. THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN 
BOUNDARIES 

1. The Controversy Concerning the Virginia Line. 

a. Boundary provisions of the Charters. 

b. Conflicting claims : attitude of Virginia. 

c. The Boundary Commission of 1728. 

2. The South Carolina Boundary. 

a. The Line of 1736 (S. R. XI, 149). 

b. The Line of 1763. 

c. The Instructions of 1771 : The Line of 1772. 

48 



Sources: Colonial Records, II, pp. 733-757- 776-815 ; Byrd's History 
of the Dividing Line in Bassett, Writings of William Byrd. 

References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, 216; McCrady, 
South Carolina under Royal Government, 110-113; Prefaces to Colonial 
Records, Vols. II, VII, IX. 

XXXIX. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 

1. Growth of Population, 1729-1775; 36000 (1730); 1752; 

75,000. 

2. Development of Commerce. 

a. Direct Trade with England. 

b. Commercial relations with Virginia and New Eng- 

land. 

c. Trade of the interior: Charleston, Philadelphia, 

Campbellton. 

3. Typical Industries. 

a. Tobacco. 

b. Naval stores. 
5. Slavery. 

a. Source. 

b. Numbers, distribution. 

c. The Law of slavery. 

1. Code of 1741. 

2. Other laws. 

5. The Indented Servants; Laws of 1715 and 1741. 

References : Bassett, Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina 
(Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XIV, Nos. IV, V) ; Pittman, Industrial 
Life in Colonial Carolina, (Booklet, July, 1907); Grimes, Notes on 
Colonial North Carolina, (Booklet, October, 1905) ; Raper, Life in 
Colonial North Carolina (Booklet, Vol. Ill, No. 5) ; Preface to Col- 
onial Records, Vol. VIII, pp. XLV-XLVIII. 

XL. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 
1765- 1 771, I 

ADMINISTRATION OF TRYON— THE STAMP ACT 

1. Character and experience. 

a. Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina, 1764; Gov- 
ernor, 1765. 

2. Plans for Improvement of the Province. 

a. Post roads (C. R. VI, 1057-60; 1299-1300). 
4 49 



b. The capital and "Tryon's Palace." 

c. Interest in education and religion (C. R. VII, 103- 

104). 
3. The Stamp Act on the Cape Fear. 

a. First demonstrations against the Stamp Act (Octo- 

ber 19 and November 16, 1765). 

b. The November Conference (November 18th). 

1. Conciliatory proposals of Tryon. 

2. Reply. 

c. The "Diligence" unable to land the stamps (Novem- 

ber, 28, 1765). 

d. Resistance to the enforcement of the Stamp Act 

(February, 1766). 

1. The Stamp Act Association (C. R. VII, 168). 

2. Release of merchant vessels obtained. 

3. Certain officials intimidated. 

e. Tryon's policy ; no meeting of the Assembly ; writes 

for assistance. 

f. Repeal of the Stamp Act. 

g. Leaders of the opposition to the Stamp Act. 

REFERENCES : Haywood, Governor William Tryon, chs. I, II, III ; 
Waddell, A Colonial Officer, ch. 3 ; Ashe, History of North Carolina, 
Vol. I, 312-325; Connor, Life of Cornelius Harnett, ch. Ill; Makers 
of North Carolina History, ch. VII ; Waddell, Stamp Act on the Cape 
Fear, (N. C. Booklet, Vol. I, No. 3) ; Davis, Stamp Act on the Cape 
Fear, (N. C. Day Prog. 1908.) 

Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. VII, passim. 

XLI. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES 
1765-1771, II 

ADMINISTRATION OF TRYON (CONTINUED) WAR OF 
THE REGULATORS 

1. Conflicting views of the nature of the War of the Regu- 

lation. 

2. Causes of the Regulation Movement. 

a. Racial and economic divergences between the 

West and the East. 

b. The system of local government. 

c. Scarcity of money. 

d. The fees and their collection. 

50 



e. Taxation. 

f. Congestion of court dockets. 

3. Agitators and Popular Leaders. 

a. Herman Husbands. 

b. James Hunter. 

c. Rednap Howell. 

d. Thomas Person. 

4. Unpopular Officials. 

a. Edmund Fanning. 

b. John, William, and Thomas Frohock. 

5. The Sandy Creek Organization (1766); (C. R. VII, 
249, 251,252). 

6. The Regulation (1768). 

a. Origin of name. 

b. Immediate cause of organization. 

c. Early acts of violence. 

d. Policy of Tryon. 

1. Petition of Regulators (C. R. VII, 806-809). 

2. Visit to Hillsboro. 

3. The militia and trials (1769). 

7. Discontent in other parts of the Province. 

a. New members in Assembly of 1769 and reform 
spirit. 

8. Rising of the Regulators, 1770. 

a. Scenes at Hillsboro Court (September 22). 

b. The Riot Bill. 

c. Tryon's campaign; battle of Alamance; fate of the 

leading Regulators. 

9. Significance of the Regulator Movement. 

a. A Protest against local laws. 

b. Relation to parties in the Revolution. 

References: Bassett, The Regulators of North Carolina, (Reports of 
the American Historical Association, 1894) ; Nash, Hillsboro Colonial 
and Revolutionary, pp. 11-30; Haywood, William Tryon, chs. VI, VII, 
VIII; Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, 326-329: 336-376; Waddell, 
Hugh Waddell, A Colonial Officer, ch. 4; Hawks, Battle of the Ala- 
mance and the war of the Regulation (Cooke, Revolutionary History 
of North Carolina) ; Jones, Defense of North Carolina, pp. 34-56; 
Caruthers, Life of Caldwell, passim; Williamson, History of North 
Carolina; Martin, History of North Carolina. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. VII ; Hoyt, Murphy Papers, I, 

51 



200-203, II, 204; Husbands, "Impartial Relation" (Wheeler's History, 
PP- 301-330; Fan for Fanning and a Touchstone for Tryon, (N. C. 
University Magazine, Vol. VIII) ; Sermon Rev. Micklejohn, (Booklet, 
Vol. VIII, No. 1). 

XIvII. BEGINNING OF THE WESTWARD 
MIGRATION 

1. Causes. 

a. Adventure. 

b. Desire for New Lands. 

c. General Political and Economic conditions. 

2. Daniel Boone. 

3. The Watauga Settlement. 

a. James Robertson. 

b. The Watauga Association. 

c. Relation with the Indians. 

d. The Revolution and the formal union with North 

Carolina. 

4. Richard Henderson and the Transylvania Company 

(1774). 

a. Treaty of Sycamore Shoals (1775). 

b. James Robertson and John Donalson found Nash- 

borough (1780); Nashville (1784). 

c. The Cumberland Association; Davidson County 

(1783). 

d. The Davidson Academy (1785). 

REFERENCES : Boyd, Early Relations of North Carolina and the West 
(Booklet, January, 1908) ; Roosevelt, Winning of the West, Vol. I, 
chs. VI, VII: Vol. II, chs. XI, XII; Phelan, History of Tennessee, 
chs. II-V; XIII-XV; Putnam, History of Middle Tennessee or Life 
and Times of General James Robertson; Haywood, Civil and Political 
History of Tennessee; Caldwell, Constitutional History of Tennessee, 
chs. II, III; Thwaites, Daniel Boone; Bruce, Daniel Boone and the 
Wilderness Road; Clark, The Colony of Transylvania, (Booklet, Jan., 
1904). 

XLIII. CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROVERSIES UNDER 
JOSIAH MARTIN, 1771-1775 

1. Previous life and character of Martin. 

2. The Financial Issue (1771 and 1773). 

a. The poll tax and excise. 

1. Origin and purpose. 

52 



2. Repealed by the Assembly of 1771 ; Martin's 
veto. 

3. The tax set aside by resolution of the Assem- 
- bly but collection ordered by the governor. 

4. Dissolution of the Assembly. 

b. Repetition of the controversy in 1773. 

c. Failure to collect the tax. 

3. The South Carolina Boundary. 

a. The existing line in 1763. 

b. Martin's instructions. 

c. The Assembly of 1771 refuses appropriation to con- 

tinue the line. 

d. Martin's Commission; the Assembly refuses to pay 

expenses. 

4. The Court Controversy (1773). 

a. Review of previous conflicts concerning courts. 

b. Instructions of Governor Martin concerning attach- 

ment of foreign debtor's property. 

c. The court bill of 1773 and the attachment clause; 

amendments of the Council; rejected by the 
House; veto of Martin; prorogation of the As- 
sembly; second session and dissolution. 

d. Prerogative Courts ; Temporary court law of 1774. 

5. Significance of the Controversies. 

a. Deadlock between the Governor, Council, and the 

House. 

b. The Administration of Justice crippled. 

c. The leaders of the House drawn into the revolu- 

tionary movement. 

1. Visit of Josiah Ouincey (C. R. IX, 610, 612). 

2. The Committee of Correspondence (Nov., 
1773). 

6. Martin and the Regulators. 

REFERENCES: Ashe, 396-414; Sikes, Transition of North Carolina 
from Colony to Commonwealth, pp. 1-35 ; (Johns Hopkins Studies, 
Series, XVI, Nos. X, XI) ; Connor, Cornelius Harnett, pp. 68-81, and 
John Harvey, (Booklet, July, 1908) ; Raper, North Carolina, A Study 
in English Colonial Government, passim. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. IX, passim. 

53 



XLIV. THE RISE OF THE REVOLUTION ORGANI- 
ZATION AND THE FIRST PROVINCIAL CONGRESS 

1. England and the Colonies in 1774. 

2. The Movement for a Convention. 

a. Governor Martin decides not to call another 

Assembly. 

b. Plans of Harvey, Samuel Johnston, Edward Bun- 

combe, etc. 

c. The Committee of Correspondence endorses the idea 

of a Continental Congress. 

d. The Wilmington Meeting and the call of the Gen- 

eral Convention (C. R. IX, 1016). 

3. The Response of the Counties. 

a. Meetings to elect Deputies in all counties except 

Edgecombe, Guilford, Hertford, Surrey, and 
Wake). 

b. The resolutions and their political theories (C. R. 

IX 1024-1027; 1031-1041). 

4. Work of the First Provincial Congress (Convention). 

August, 1774. 

a. Delegates to the First Continental Congress. 

b. Resolutions denouncing the British Policy toward 

the Colonists and endorsing Non-Importation. 

c. Local Committees authorized. 

d. Provisions for a Second Convention. 

5. Results ; Activity of the Committees of Safety. 

a. Resistance to the use of tea in Edenton and Wil- 

mington. 

b. Non-importation enforced. 

c. Militia organized. 

REFERENCES: Ashe, 417-427; Sikes, Transition of North Carolina 
from Colony to Commonwealth, pp. 35-41 ; Pittman, The Provincial 
Congresses, (Booklet, October, 1902) ; Connor, Cornelius Harnett 
81-83, idem; John Harvey, (Booklet, July, 1908). 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. IX, passim. 



54 



XLV. THE SECOND PROVINCIAL CONGRESS (CON- 
VENTION) AND THE COLAPSE OF THE 

ROYAL GOVERNMENT 

1. Aim. 

2. The Last Assembly under the Crown (April, 1775). 

a. Relation of members to the Convention. 

b. Governor Martin's proclamation against illegal 

bodies; reply of the Assembly. 

c. Endorsement of the Continental Association. 

d. Dissolution by Martin. 

3. Work of the second Provincial Congress (April, 1775). 

a. Adopts the Association of the Continental Cong- 

ress. 

b. Re-elects Hooper Hewes and Caswell to the Con- 

tinental Congress. 

c. Recommendation on manufactures; the right of 

petition. 

4. Flight of Governor Martin. 

a. News of the Battle of Lexington in North Carolina 

(Edenton, May 3; May 8th, Wilmington). 

b. Military Companies organized. 

c. Governor Martin retires to Fort Johnson on the 

Cape Fear. 

5. Activity of the Local Committees of Safety. 

a. The Mecklenburg Resolve of May 31, 1775; Prior- 

ity in organizing government independent of 
the Crown. 

b. Military preparations in Rowan. 

c. The Tryon County Association (C. R. X, 163). 

d. The Pitt County Resolves (C. R. X, 61). 
VI. Results. 

a. Collapse of the Royal Administration. 

b. Rise of the Revolutionary Organization. 

References: Ashe, pp. 432-462; Sikes, Transition from Colony to 
Commonwealth, 38-41; Hoyt, Mecklenburg Declaration of Indepen- 
dence; Whitaker, Provincial Council and Committees of Safety in 
North Carolina (James Sprunt Historical Monographs, No. 8) ; Jones, 
Defense of the Revolutionary Record of North Carolina; Conner, 
Cornelius Harnett, 127-142. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. X ; Hoyt, The Papers and Corres- 
pondence of Archibald DeBow Murphey, II. 196-202. 

55 



XLVI. THE CONFLICT OF INTERESTS AND THE 
THIRD CONGRESS 

1. Basis of the Loyalist Sentiment in North Carolina. 

a. The official class. 

b. The Highland Scotch and recent settlers. 

c. The Regulators. 

2. Early Loyalist Activities. 

a. Addresses from Rowan, Surrey, and Anson counties 

(C. R. IX, 1160-1167). 

b. Military organization in Anson. 

c. Governor Martin on the Cape Fear; plans for the 

invasion and the co-operation of Loyalists. 

3. Armed Resistance by the Patriots of the Cape Fear. 

a. The New Hanover Association of June 20th; 

adopted in Duplin, Onslow, Bladen, and Bruns- 
wick (C. R. X, 25-26). 

b. The seizure of Fort Johnston (July 18, 1775). 

4. The Third Congress (Hillsboro, August, 1775; C. R. X, 

164-220). 

a. Congress vs. Convention : new features in organiza- 

tion. 

b. Conciliation of the disaffected. 

c. Rejects the proposed plan of General Confederation. 

d. Military plans. 

e. A Permanent Revolutionary Organization. 

1. The Provincial Council. 

2. The Committees of Safety, District and 
County; Delegates to the Continental Con- 
gress. 

g. Financial policy. 

References: Ashe, 463-487; Sikes, Transition from Colony to Com- 
monwealth, 42-5S; Pittman, Revolutionary Congresses (Booklet, Vol., 
II, No. 6); Whitaker, Provincial Council and Committees of Safety; 
Waddell, History of New Hanover County. 

XLVII. EARLY MILITARY ACTIVITIES 

1. The Snow Campaign (December, 1775). 

a. Mission of the Continental Congress to the Chero- 
kees and Creeks ; gifts seized by the "Scovellites" 
of South Carolina. 
56 



b. The Campaign of Alexander Martin. 

2. Aid to Virginia. 

a. Colonel Robert Howe. 

3. The Cape Fear Campaign. 

a. Governor Martin secures support on the Cape Fear 

and in the West. 

b. Organization of Loyalists by McLean and Mac- 

Donald. 

c. Rendezvous at Cross Creek (Feb. 12, 1776). 

d. The march on Wilmington ; Battle of Moore's Creek 

Bridge (Feb. 27). 

e. Significance of the result. 

1. Invasion checked. 

2. Revolutionary cause strengthened. 

3. Issue of Independence (Hooper's letter; 
Ashe, pp. 507-8). 

4. Rutherford's Expedition against the Cherokees. 

References: Ashe, pp. 487-491; 496-505; 510-512; Noble, Battle of 
Moore's Creek Bridge, (Booklet, Vol. Ill, Publication of the North 
Carolina Historical Commission, Vol. I, pp. 215-238) ; Foote, Sketches 
of N. C. ; Swain, The British Invasion of 1776, (Cooke Revolutionary 
History of N. C.) ; McLean, Flora MacDonald in America. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. X, passim. 

XLVIII. FOURTH PROVINCIAL CONGRESS: FIRST 
INSTRUCTION FOR INDEPENDENCE 

1. The Instruction for Independence. 

a. Causes. 

1. The rise of the Loyalists. 

2. The attempted invasion. 

3. Need for better military system. 

4. Question of Foreign Alliances. 

b. The Committee on Usurpations and Violence; its 

report adopted April 12, 1776 (C. R. X, 512). 

c. North Carolina's priority; action of other colonies 

prior to April 12. 

2. Treatment of Loyalists. 

3. New Military Organization. 

a. The four Continental battalions. 

b. The militia. 

57 



4. The Problem of a State Constitution. 

a. Factions. 

b. Plan proposed by the Committee rejected. 

c. New temporary plan of government ; the Council of 

Safety. 

REFERENCES: Ashe, 512-531; Connor, Cornelius Harnett, ch. VIII; 
(idem), North Carolina's Priority in the Demand for Independence, 
(South Atlantic Quarterly, July, 1909), idem; Joseph Hewes and the 
Declaration of Independence, (North Carolina Review, December, 
1909; Booklet, January, 191 1) ; Sikes, Transition from Colony to 
Commonwealth, 58-65. 

Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. X. 

XLIX. THE FIFTH CONGRESS AND THE FIRST 
STATE CONSTITUTION 

1. The Factions and the Elections. 

2. Organization. 

a. Method of voting. 

b. Committtee on the Constitution. 

3. Precedents and Guides for framing a Constitution. 

a. The Mecklenburg and Orange instructions (C. R. 

X, 870-115). 

b. The constitutions of Virginia, Deleware, Maryland, 

and Pennsylvania. 

c. The Letter and Works of John Adams. 

4. Report of the Committee on a Constitution. 

a. The Bill of Rights. 

b. The Constitution proper. 

1. The executive. 

2. The legislative. 

3. The Judiciary. 

4. Suffrage. 

5. Religion. 

5. Nature of the Constitution. 

a. Influence of other State Constitutions. 

b. Influence of Colonial politics. 

c. Compromises. 

d. Deficiencies. 

REFERENCES: Ashe, ch. XXXII; Sikes, Transition from Colony to 
Commonwealth, ch. Ill; Sikes, Our First State Constitution, (Booklet, 

58 



October, 1907) ; Jones, Defense of the Revolutionary History of N. C, 
ch. 13; Nash, The Constitution of 1776 and Its Makers, (James 
Sprunt Historical Publication, Vol. XI, No. 2). 

Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. X; McRee, Life and Letters of 
James Iredell, Vol. I. Debates in the Convention of 1835, passim. 

L. THE INVASION OF 1780-81. I. 

1. Causes of the Invasion of the South 1778-1783. 

a. Failure of the war in the North. 

b. The French Alliance; Reconciliation rejected. 

c. Southern products a resource of the Confederation. 

d. Loyalists. 

2. Capture of Charleston, 1780. 

a. Fate of the North Carolina troops. 

3. Cornwallis' First Invasion. 

a. Rally of the Loyalists by Patrick Ferguson. 

b. New draft of North Carolina Militia; Continentals 

under Gates. 

c. Ramsour's Mill, Colson's Mill, Rocky Mount, Hang- 

ing Rock. 

d. Battle of Camden (August 14, 1780). 

e. Cornwallis at Charlotte; Governor Martin. 

4. The Battle of King's Mountain. 

a. Ferguson's pursuit of Robertson, Shelby, and Mc- 

Dowell. 

b. Rally of the mountain men ; leaders. 

c. The march and the battle ; results. 

d. King's Mountain Controversies. 

References: Ashe, 608-624; 629-636; Draper, King's Mountain and 
its Heroes; Boyd, Battle of King's Mountain (Booklet, April, 1909); 
Shenck, North Carolina 1780-81, (chs. I-II) ; Roosevelt, Winning of 
the West, II, ch. IX; Graham, General Joseph Graham and His Revo- 
lutionary Papers, pp. 211-283; Graham ,The British Invasion of 1780- 
1781, (Cooke, Revolutionary History of North Carolina) ; De Peyster, 
The affair at King's Mountain (Magazine of American History, Vol. 
V.) 

Sources: Henry, King's Mountain Narrative (Papers of the Trinity 
College Historical Society, Series III) ; see following section. 

LI. THE INVASION OF 1780-81. II. 
1. Recuperation, 
a. Militia. 

59 



b. The Board of War. 

c. General Greene and Daniel Morgan. 

d. Battle of Cowpens. 

2. Cornwallis' Second Invasion. 

a. Retreat of Morgan and Greene ; rout. 

b. Pursuit of Cornwallis. 

1. Race for the Dan River. 

c. Cornwallis at Hillsboro. 

d. Return of Greene; Battle of Guilford Courthouse. 

1. Outline of the battle. 

2. Controversies. 

3. The Guilford Battle Ground Association. 

e. Retreat of Cornwallis. 

3. The Tory War. 

a. Major Craig on the Cape Fear. 

b. David Fanning in the West. 

c. Battle of Elizabethtown. 

d. Capture of Governor Burke. 

e. General Rutherford's Campaign. 

References : Ashe, 638-643 : 648-670 : 676.703 ; Shenck, North Caro- 
lina, 1780-81, ch. IV- VII; Graham, The British Invasion of 1780-81, 
(Cooke Revolutionary History of N. C. ;) Graham, General Joseph 
Graham, 284-377; Caruthers, The Old North State (Series I, and II) ; 
Hamilton, Thomas Burke (Booklet, October, 1906) ; idem, Abner 
Nash, (N. C. Review, June, 1910) ; Schenck, North Carolina, 1780-81, 
(passim); Lossing, Field Book of the Revolution; Stevens, The Clin- 
ton-Cornwallis Controversy; Greene, Life of Daniel Morgan; Johnston, 
Life of Nathaniel Greene; Schenck, North Carolina, 1780-81. 

Sources : Lee, Memoir of the War in the Southern Department ; 
Tarleton, History of the Campaign of 1780-81 ; Clinton, Narrative of 
the Campaign of 1781 in North Carolina; idem, Observations on Earl 
Cornwallis Answer ; Cornwallis, Answer to Sir Henry Clinton's 
Narrative of the Campaign of 1781. Fanning, David, Adventures in 
North Carolina, (S. R. XXII, p. 180,) ; Hoyt, The Papers of Archbald 
DeBow Murphey, I, 190-191 ; 203-204; 369-374; H, 254-311; 389-400; 
405-408. 

LIL POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE REVOLUTION, I 

FINANCES 

1. Chief features of Revolutionary Finance. 

a. Paper money. 

b. Taxation and Administration of the Revenue dur- 

ing the Revolution. 
60 



c. Sinking of Continental currency. 

d. Continental requisitions. 

2. Paper Money. 

a. $125,000 in 1774; relation to old currency; redemp- 

tion tax. 

b. $1,250,000 in 1776; redemption tax. 

c. $2,125,000 in 1778; no redemption tax. 

d. $3,100,000 in 1780; no redemption tax. 

e. Depreciation; redemption taxes of 1774 and 1776 

repealed in 1781 ; counterfeiting. 

3. The Certificates. 

4. Taxation. 

a. Colonial precedents. 

b. Return of poll taxes collected in 1771 (1774). 

c. Tax Laws of 1778, 1781, 1782. 

1. General property. 

2. Poll. 

3. Increase of tax rate with depreciation of cur- 
rency. 

4. Products accepted. 

5. The Continental Obligations. 

a. Funding the Continenetal money. 

1. $248,139.83 (1775). 

2. $250,000(1777). 

b. The requisitions (1779-1783). 

1. Amount levied. 

2. Amount paid. 

3. Balance. 

4. The Continental Debt. 

c. The Continental Loan Office. 

6. Administration of the Revenue. 

a. Assessment and collection. 

b. The Treasurers. 

c. Board of Auditors (1780) ; Ten boards of auditors 

(1782). 

d. The Treasurer and Comptroller (1784). 

REFERENCES : Bullock, Essays in the Monetary System of the United 
States, Part II, ch. 3; Stubbs, Financial Side of the Revolution in 
North Carolina (N. C. Review, July-December, 1910) ; Ashe, Vol. I, 
passim. 

61 



Sources : Laws of North Carolina, State Records, Vol. XXIV, 
1777-1788; State Records Vols. XI-XIX, passim. 

LIIL POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE REVOLU- 
TION, II 

MILITARY SUPPORT 

1. The Continental Battalions. 

a. The nine battalions of 1775-1776. 

b. The tenth battalion, 1777. 

c. Deficiency in enlistment ; bounties ; desertions. 

d. The four new battalions of 1781 ; drafting. 

e. Miscellaneous artillery and cavalry organizations. 

f. Service in the North (Brandywine, Germantown, 

Stony Point). 

2. The Militia. 

3. Numbers. 

a. Continental enlistment. 

b. Militia. 

4. Relations to Continental Congress. 

a. Appointment of officers (Sec. 14, State Consti- 

tution). 

b. Assertions of sovereignty over State troops. 

References: Ashe, 719-722; Davis, North Carolina's part in the 
Revolution, (South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol. II, No. 4, Vol. Ill, Nos. 1 
and 2) ; King, Military Organizations of North Carolina during the 
Revolution, (Booklet, Vol. VIII, No. 1). 

LIV. POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE REVOLU- 
TION, III 

THE LOYALISTS 

1. Sources of Loyalist sentiment. 

2. Numbers. 

3. Periods of Activity. 

4. Legislation against Loyalists. 

a. Treason and the misprision of treason. 

b. Confiscation. 

c. Banishment. 

5. The Loyalists and the Courts (Bayard vs. Singleton). 

62 



References : Sabine, Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the 
American Revolution, passim; Van Tyne, The Loyalists of the Ameri- 
can Revolution; Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, passim. 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina, (See Index of Iredell's Digest 
under Confiscation, Treason, and Misprision of Treason) ; Supreme 
Court Reports, Vol. I; Carr, The Dickson Letters. 

LV. POLITICAL PROBLEMS OF THE NEW 
COMMONWEALTH 

1. State Currency. 

a. Revival of specie. 

b. The currency of 1783-1785. 

1. Standard. 

2. Redemption. 

c. Redemption of the Revolutionary currency ; table of 

depreciation. 

d. The tobacco scandal. 

2. The Certificates. 

a. Redemption tax; public lands. 

b. Frauds in settlements of army accounts. 

3. The Continental Debt. 

4. Finances an issue in State politics. 

5. The Confiscated Property. 

a. Summary of legislation. 

b. The Treaty of Peace. 

c. Interpretations of the courts. 

6. The Judiciary. 

a. The court system. 

b. Personnel. 

c. Decisions on finances and confiscation. 

d. The political issue (McRee's Iredell II, 145-149). 

7. The Transmontane Lands. 

a. The Military Reservation (Laws of 1780, State 

Records, Vol. XXIV, pp. 337, 419; 1783, p. 478). 

b. Reserve for redemption of paper money. 

c. Western lands and federal politics. 

1. The Continental Debt. 

2. Proposed reforms in the Revenue; Requi- 
sitions ; the Impost ; Direct Taxes ; Cession 
of Western Lands. 

63 



d. The First Act of Cession 1784 (State Records, 

XXIV, p. 361). 

1. Objections (State Records XVII 94, XIX, 
712-714; XXIV 361-363). 

2. Repeal. 

3. Final Act of Cession. 

e. Subsequent land controversies with Tennessee. 

REFERENCES : Bullock, Essays in the Monetary History of the United 
States, pp. 193-200; Battle, History of the Supreme Court of North 
Carolina (Supreme Court Reports, Vol. 103) ; Sioussat, The North 
Carolina Session of 1784 and its Federal Aspects (Proceedings of the 
Mississippi Valley Historical Association 1908-1909.) 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina; State Records, Vols. XVI-XX, 
passim; McRee, Life and Letters of James Iredell, Vol. II; Hoyt, 
Papers of Archibald DeBow Murphey I, 28-29; 89-90; 176-177 241 
et seq; II, 320-332. 

LVI. THE STATE OF FRANKLIN 

1. Reasons for Separation from North Carolina. 

a. Social and economic and political cleavage. 

b. The Ordinance of 1784. 

c. The North Carolina Cession of 1784. 

2. Organization of the New State. 

a. The Conventions and the Constitution. 

b. The Legislature and the Laws. 

3. Problems of the New State. 

a. Territorial. 

b. The Mississippi. 

c. Membership in the Confederation. 

4. Relations with North Carolina. 

a. Repeal of the Cession of 1784. 

b. North Carolina sovereignty reasserted. 

c. Parties; Sevier and Tipton. 

d. Conflicts, judicial and physical. 

5. Reconciliation under Governor Caswell. 

References: Phelan, History of Tennessee, chs. X, XI, XII; Cald- 
well, Constitutional History of Tennessee, ch. 3; Haywood, Civil and 
Political History of Tennessee, ch. VI ; Ramsay, Annals of Tennessee, 
Alden, The State of Franklin (American Historical Review, Vol. VIII, 
pp. 271-289) ; Boyd, Early Relations of North Carolina and the West 

64 



(Booklet, January, 1908) ; Ashe, State of Franklin, (North Carolina 
Review, December, 1910-January, 191 1) ; Fitch, State of Franklin 
(ibid, November, 1910) ; Turner, Life of General John Sevier. 
Sources : State Records, Vol. XXII. 

LVII. NORTH CAROLINA AND THE FEDERAL 
CONSTITUTION 

1. Parties and Issues. 

a. Radical Democracy. 

1. Willie Jones. 

b. Conservatives. 

1. Samuel Johnston. 

2. North Carolina Delegates in the Constitutional Convention. 

a. Instructions. 

b. Changes in personnel. 

c. Activity in the Convention. 

3. The Constitution before the People. 

a. Federalist leaders; Johnston, Iredell, Maclaine, 

Davie. 

b. The Anti-Federalists : Jones, Bloodworth, Caldwell, 

Spencer. 

c. Process of ratification in the States to July, 1788. 

4. The State Convention at Hillsboro, July, 1788. 

a. How convened. 

b. The Anti-Federalist majority: procedure. 

c. Objections to the Constitution; its defense. 

d. Failure to raitfy : the proposed Bill of Rights and 

Amendments. 

5. The Reaction in favor of Ratification. 

a. Ratification of New York; position of N. C. and 

Rhode Island. 

b. Federalism and State's Rights. 

c. The State Convention at Fayetteville (April, 1789). 

7. Social and Political Factors in North Carolina's Attitude 
toward the Constitution. 

a. Individualism. 

b. Lack of unity. 

c. Problems of Confiscation. 

d. Financial policy. 

65 



References : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North 
Carolina, 14-31, (Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XXIV, Nos. 7, 8) ; 
Raper, Why North Carolina at First Refused to Ratify the Federal 
Constitution, (Reports of the American Historical Association, 1905, 
Vol. I,) ; Best, The Adoption of the Federal Constitution in N. C, 
(Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series V) ; Connor, 
H. G., The Convention of 1788-89 and the Federal Constitution, (Book- 
let, August, 1904) ; Hamilton, William R. Davie, (James Sprunt Mono- 
graphs, No. 7) ; Connor, (R. D. W.), Samuel Johnston, (Booklet, 
April, 1912) ; Connor, H. G., James Iredell, (Booklet, ibid); Person- 
nel of the North Carolina Convention of 1788 (Publications of the 
Southern History Association III, No. 2.) 

Sources : Elliott's Debates in the Federal Constitution, Vol. IV, 
(Debates in the Hillsboro Convention) ; McRee, Life and Corres- 
pondence of James Iredell, Vol. II, passim; State Records Vol. XXII, 
(Journal of the Fayetteville Convention) ; The Papers of Archbald D. 
Murphy, I, 204-205. 

LVIII. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT (1790-1800) I. 

1. The Political parties and leaders. 

a. Federalists and Anti-Federalists. 

2. State and Federal Powers. 

a. The Legislature and the Oath to support the Consti- 

tution of the United States. 

b. The Superior Court of Law and Equity, District of 

Edenton, and the Federal Courts. 

c. Iredell's opinion in Cliisholm vs. Georgia. 

3. Opposition to the Financial Policy of Alexander Hamilton. 

a. Samuel Johnston and Hugh Williamson on Assump- 

tion of State Debts. 

b. The resolutions and instructions of the legislature. 

c. The Excise. 

d. Division among the Federalists. 

4. The Republican Revival. 

a. Alexander Martin elected Senator, 1792. 

b. Congressional elections, 1793. 

c. Rise of Nathaniel Macon. 

REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North 
Carolina, pp. 32-38, (Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XXIV, Nos. 7, 8,) 
idem; Federalism in North Carolina, (James Sprunt Publication, 
Vol. IX, No. 2) ; Dodd, Life of Nathaniel Macon, passim; Blanchard, 
North Carolina in the First National Congress; Connor, (H. G.), 
James Iredell; Connor, (R. D. W.), Samuel Johnston; Nelson, The 

66 



Congressional Career of Nathaniel Macon, (Sprunt Historical Mono- 
graphs, No. 2). 

Sources: McRee, Life and Correspondence of James Iredell; The 
Annals of Congress. 

LIX. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT (1790-1800) II 

1. The Federalist Revival of 1798. 

a. Causes. 

2. The Alien and Sedition Laws ; the Kentucky-Virginia Reso- 

lutions, 
a. Policy of the North Carolina Legislature; influence 
of Davie. 

3. The Elections of 1800. 

a. Davie Ambassador to France. 

b. Joseph Gales and the RaleigJi Register. 

c. The Land Tax. 

d. Results. 

4. The Federalist Party after 1800. 

REFERENCES : Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 36-40, 
and Federalism in North Carolina, (James Sprunt Historical Publi- 
cations, Vol. IX, No. 2, pp. 28-43) ; Hamilton, William R. Davie, 
(James Sprunt Monographs, No. 7.) 

Sources : Letters of William Barry Grove, (James Sprunt Histori- 
cal Publication, Vol. IX No. 2) ; McRee, Life and Correspandence of 
James Iredell, Vol. II, passim; Letters of Macon, (Sprunt Monograph, 
No. 3), and Branch Historical Papers, (Randolph Macon College), 
Vol. Ill, No. 1. 

LX. REPUBLICAN POLITICS AND THE WAR OF 1812 

1. Nathaniel Macon and the "Quids." 

2. Foreign Affairs ; the Macon Bills. 

3. The Federalist Reaction of 1811. 

4. The Electoral law of 1811 and the Presidential Election of 

1812. 

5. Macon and Gaston on the War of 1812. 

6. Revision of Militia Laws; loans of $25,000 and $55,000 

(Laws 1813, chs. I, III; 1814, chs. I, III, IV). 

7. North Carolina Troops in the War. 

8. Prominent North Carolinians in the War; Otway Burns, 

Johnston Blakeley, Capt. Forsythe. 
67 



REFERENCES: Dodd, Life of Nathaniel Macon, passim; Burns, Cap- 
tain Otway Burns; Boyd, Nathaniel Macon's Place in North Carolina 
History, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series, 
IV) ; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History. 

Sources: Hoyt, The Murphey Papers, I, 35-6, 46-47, 60-63, 77-78, 
II, 6-12; Letters of Nathaniel Macon (Branch Historical Papers) 
Annals of Congress. 

LXI. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, 1 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE JUDICIARY 

1. Review of the Colonial Court System. 

2. Collapse of the Courts at the Opening of the Revolution. 

3. The Court Laws of 1776-77. 

a. The Superior Courts ; County Courts of Pleas and 

Quarter Sessions ; the Attorney General ; the So- 
licitor General. 

b. Unpopularity of the Courts. 

c. Revisions in the Court Laws. Ridings (1790) ; Ad- 

ditional Judges (1790-1806). 
4. Genesis of the Supreme Court. 

a. Accumulation of Equity Cases. 

b. James Glasgow and the Land Frauds. 

c. The Extraordinary Court (1799); Conviction of 

Glasgow. 

d. The Court of Conference, (1801); The Supreme 

Court (1805); Written Decisions Compulsory; 
The Chief Justice and Appellate Jurisdiction 
(1810). 

e. The Reorganization of 1818. 

5. Opposition to the Supreme Court. 

6. Movement to Reform Penal Laws; Imprisonment for 

Debt ; the Penitentiary Idea. 

7. Leadership of North Carolina Judges in American Juris- 

prudence. 

References: Battle, History of the Supreme Court (N. C. Reports 
103) ; Idem, Trial of James Glasgow and the Supreme Court (Booklet, 
Vol. Ill, No. 1); Clark, The Supreme Court of North Carolina (The 
Green Bag Vol. IV) ; Corwin, Doctrine of Due Process of Law before 
the Civil War (Harvard Law Review, March, April, 191 1). 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina, (sessional); Revised Statutes of 
1836. 

68 



LXII. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, II 
BOUNDARIES AND TERRITORIAL PROBLEMS 

1. The Tennessee Land Warrants. 
a. The Military Reservation. 

1. Boundaries; military grants; paper money. 

2. The Act of Cession (1789) ; North Carolina 
policy to 1824 ; land office frauds. 

3. The attitude of Tennessee. 

4. The Congressional Reservation Line. 

5. The University and the land warrants. 

2. The Georgia Boundary Controversy. 

a. The South Carolina cession of 1787; the federal 

cession of 1802. 

b. The County of Walton and its northern boundary. 

c. The Joint Commission of 1787; the protest of 

Georgia; the Congressional Investigation. 

3. The South Carolina Boundary Completed. 

a. The colonial surveys. 

b. The line of 1803. 

4. Opening of the Cherokee Lands. 

a. The Indian treaties 1777, 1785, 1791, 1798, 1819, 

1836. 

b. Method of settlement ; use of the Cherokee Land 

Fund. 

c. Removal of the Cherokees. 

d. "The Eastern Band of Cherokees." 

5. The Tennessee Boundary Dispute. 

a. The cession of 1789. 

b. The boundary Commission of 1821; uncertain line; 

Hangover Ridge and Fodder Stack ; State Ridge 
and Main Ridge. 

References : Battle, History of the University Vol. I, pp. 3/8-379 1 
Goodloe, North Carolina and Georgia Boundary, (Booklet, April, 1904) 
Royce, the Cherokee Nation of Indians (Annual Report, American 
Bureau of Ethnology, 1883) ; Moon, Legends of the Cherokees (Annual 
Report, American Bureau of Ethnology, 1900) ; Marr, Old Charley, or 
The Removal of the Cherokee Indians from Western North Carolina 
(North Carolina Education, January, 1912). 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina; Whiting, Land Laws of Tennes- 
see; Belding vs. Hubbard (103 Federal Reporter 532); Stevenson vs. 

69 



Fain (116 Federal Reporter 147) Annals of Congress, (Ninth Congress 
2nd session, Appendix, pp. 967-991.) 

LXIII. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, III 
GENERAL ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA 

1. Population. 

a. Decline in relative rank. 

b. Relative increase of whites and negroes. 

c. The migration to the West and the Southwest. 

d. Small increase in population 1830-1840. 

2. Decline in Land Values, 1815-1830. 

3. Trade and Commerce. 

4. The Currency. 

5. Taxation. 

6. Education. 

Sources: The Census of the United States; Reports of the Treasurer 
1790-1836; Legislative Reports on Internal Improvements and Educa- 
tion; Proceedings of Railway and Constitutional Reform Conven- 
tions. 

LXIV. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, IV 

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS 

1. The relation of the Geography of North Carolina to 

Commerce. 

a. The Coast ; lack of harbors. 

b. The river system inadequate. 

c. The three zones. 

d. Results ; Small maritime commerce ; Little communi- 

cation between the sections; Trade diverted to 
other States. 

2. The Early Demands for Internal Improvement. 

a. Governor Martin (1783) ; (S. R. XIX, p. 498). 

b. Governor Williams (1802) and other Governors. 

3. Local Efforts at Internal Improvements. 

4. The Genesis of State aid in 1815. 

a. Causes. 

1. A new sense of public spirit follows the War 
with England. 

2. Increase of taxation and inflation of the cur- 
rency. 

70 



3. Failure of private enterprises. 

4. Example of other States. 

5. Emigration. 

b. Archibald D. Murphy ; Report on Internal Improve- 

ments (1815). 

c. Surveys authorized. 

d. State subscriptions to the Roanoke and the Cape 

Fear Navigation Companies (1815). 
5. The Internal Improvement Fund and the Board of In- 
ternal Improvements (1819). 

a. Murphy's Memorial of 1819. 

b. Sources of the Fund. 

1. Cherokee Lands (1819). 

2. Dividends from Bank Stock (1821). 

c. The Board and its Powers. 

References: Morgan, State Aid to Transportation in North Caro- 
lina, (North Carolina Booklet, January, 1911) ; Weaver, Internal 
Improvements in North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XXI, 
Nos. 3, 4.) 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina, (sessional); Hoyt, The Papers 
of Archbald DeBow Murphy, I, 100-119, 127-128, 131-132, 135-136, 
138-141, 146, 148-150, 156-157, 159, 163-164 ,170-171, 178-180, II, 19-29, 
35-47, 83-87, 96-I95- 

LXV. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, V 

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS (2) 

1. State Aid (1815-1836). 

a. The Surveys (Expenditure). 

b. Direct appropriation to Navigation Companies and 

Roads (Total Amount). 

c. Subscription to Stocks (Total Amount). 

2. History of the State-Aided Corporations, 
a. Navigation Companies. 

1. The Cape Fear Navigation Company (Suc- 
cessful). 

2. The Roanoke Navigation Company (Not 

Prosperous). 

3. The Tar River Company (Failure). 

4. The Neuse River Navigation Company 

(Failure). 

71 



5. North Carolina Catawba Company (Charter 
Forfeited). 

6. Yadkin Navigation Company. 

b. The Canals. 

1. The Club Foot and Harlowe's Creek Canal 
(Failure). 

c. Roads. 

1. Buncombe Turnpike. 

2. Plymouth Turnpike. 

3. Other Roads, chiefly in the mountain region. 

3. Failure of Early Internal Improvement Policy. 

a. Lack of experience. 

b. Lack of concentration due to sectional spirit. 

c. Appropriations insufficient. 

d. Railway agitation. 

4. The Movement for Railroads. 

a. The Numbers of Carleton. 

b. Railway Conventions. 

5. The Crisis in Internal Improvement. 

a. Demand for aid to Railways. 

b. The growth of the West. 

c. Financial problems (1825-1835). 

d. Sectionalism. 

REFERENCES: Morgan, State Aid to Internal Improvements (Booklet 
January, 191 1) ; Weaver, Internal Improvements in North Carolina 
(Johns Hopkins Studies, Series, XXI, Nos. Ill, IV.) 

Sources: Caldwell, The Numbers of Carleton; Reports of the Boards 
of Internal Improvements and of Railway Conventions; Laws, (ses- 
sional). 

LXVI. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, VI 

THE MOVEMENT FOR PUBLIC EDUCATION 

1. Prevalence of Illiteracy (Coon, Documentary History of 

Public Education in N. C, vol. 1, pp. XI-XV). 

2. Influences which Retarded Schools. 

a. Individualism and the aristocratic ideal. 

b. Lack of public spirit. 

c. Finance. 

d. Sectionalism. 

72 



3. Dawn of the Public School Idea. 

a. The colonial precedents. 

b. The Constitution of 1776, section 41. 

1. Early interpretations; State aid to Academ- 
ies; Tuition for the Poor (Coon, Vol. I, 
XXII-XXV). 

c. Views of early Governors. 

4. Reports of Archibald D. Murphy and John M. Walker, 

1816 and 1817 (Coon, I, 105-111; 123-164). 

a. The theory of popular education. 

b. A system outlined. 

c. The Poor vs. the Well-to-do. 

d. Method of support. 

5. Literary Fund Established (1825). 

a. Sources of the Fund. 

b. The Literary Board. 

6. Early Ideals and Plans of Public Education. 

7. The State University. 

a. Charter and organization. 

b. Curriculum. 

c. Discipline. 

REFERENCES': Coon, Documentary History of Education in North 
Carolina, Vol. I, preface; Weeks, Calvin H. Wiley or Beginnings of 
Common School Systems in the South; (Report of the U. S. Commis- 
sioner of Education 1896-1897, Vol. II) ; Smith, History of Education 
in North Carolina; N. C. Day Program 1905. 

Sources : Coon, Laws of 1825, ch. I ; Hoyt, Murphey Papers, I, 91-92, 
101-102, 11,48-56, 63-83. 

LXVII. STATE PROBLEMS 1790-1836, VII 
FINANCIAL CONDITIONS (1). THE CURRENCY 

1. Forms of State Money. 

a. The State Currency of 1783-85. 

b. The Certificates. 

c. Depreciation. 

2. Process of Redemption. 
a. The Certificates. 

1. The Sinking Tax of 1788 (Laws 1788 ch. 1). 

2. The Reissues of 1792, 1794, 1799 and 1802 

(Laws 1789, ch. V; 1794, ch. XVI; 1799, 
ch. Ill; 1802, ch. VII). 
73 



3. Land Grants (Laws 1794, ch. XVI), the per- 
manent method of redemption; completed 
by 1822. 

b. The State Currency. 

1. The Sinking Tax of 1783 (suspended 1789). 

2. Co-operation of the Banks. 

3. The Banks of New Bern and Cape Fear Chartered, 1804. 

a. Charters. 

1. Authorized Capital. 

2. Debts and Note Issue. 

3. The State Subscription of Stock (1807). 

b. Effects on the Currency. 

1. Excess of Bank Notes and the State Cur- 

rency over Specie. 

2. Depreciation of the State Currency. 

3. Remedy; the tax on bank stock (1809); A 

State Bank. 

4. The State Bank of North Carolina (1810). 

a. Terms of the Charter. 

1. Capital. 

2. Debt and Note Issue. 

3. The State Subscription. 

4. State Dividends and the State Currency. 

b. The Amended Charter of 1811. 

5. Final Retirement of the State Currency. 

a. The Federal standard of currency recognized 

(1809). 

b. The Federal standard the official standard in State 

affairs (1816). 

REFERENCES : Bullock, Essays in the Monetary History of the United 
States, pp. 199-203; Blair, Historical Sketch of Banking in North 
Carolina, (in Knox, A History of Banking in the United States) ; 
Sumner, History of Banking in the United States, passim, (History 
of Banking in All Nations, Vol. I.) 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina (Sessional); Haywood's Man- 
ual of the Laws of North Carolina (1814) ; Potter, Taylor and Yancey 
Laws of North Carolina (2 Vols.) (1821) ; Debate on a Bill Directing 
a Prosecution against the several Banks of the State (Raleigh, 1829.) 

74 



LXVIII. STATE PROBLEMS 1790-1836, VIII 
FINANCIAL CONDITIONS (2). THE BANKS 

1. Inflation of Bank Notes. 

a. Increase in Banking Capital 1804-1811. 

b. The Note Issues. 

c. Suspension of specie during War of 1812; resump- 

tion 1817; high standing of N. C. Bank Notes. 

2. Speculation. 

a. Recharter of the Banks of Newbern and Cape Fear 
(1814). 

1. The enlarged capital. 

2. The State's subscription. 

3. The Treasury Notes. 

4. Increase of Bank Notes. 

3. The Crisis of 1819. 

a. Return of Bank Notes for redemption. 

b. Suspension of specie payments ; Litigation. 

c. Methods of the Banks to secure specie. 

d. The State lends help. 

1. Purchase of additional Bank Stock (1820). 

2. Treasury Notes. 

3. Subscription to stock by the Literary Fund. 

e. The Second Bank of the United States enforces 

specie payments ; The Banks call in loans ; Disso- 
lution of the Banks impending. 

4. The Legislative Investigation of 1828. 

a. The minority recommend dissolution of the Banks 

and confiscation of property; Reasons. 

b. The course of Swain and Gaston. 

c. The vote of Thomas Settle, Speaker of the House. 

5. Solution of the Banking Problem. 

a. Subsequent conflicts between the Radicals and the 

Conservatives. 

b. Extension of the Charters of the Banks to 1838. 

c. The Bank of the State of North Carolina (1834). 

d. The dissolution of the State Bank and the Bank of 

Newbern; recharter of the Bank of the Cape 
Fear. 

e. Benefits of the early Banks. 

1. Retirement of the State Currency. 
75 



2. Profits of the State's investment, 
f. Comparison of past and present standards of bank- 
ing. 
6. Significance of the Bank issue in politics; Radicalism 
and Conservatism ; Andrew Jackson. 

References: Pittman, A Decade of Our History (N. C. Review, 
April, May, 1910) ; Boyd, Public Finance of N. C. since 1790, (MSS.) 

Sources: The Laws of North Carolina (sessional) or the Revised 
Statutes of North Carolina (1836) ; Reports of the Treasurer of North 
Carolina; Reports and Minutes of the Proceedings of the Joint Select 
Committee relating to the Banks (Raleigh, 1828) ; Debate on the Bill 
directing a Prosecution of the Several Banks of the State (Raleigh, 
1829.) 

LXIX. STATE PROBLEMS 1790-1836, IX 

FINANCIAL CONDITIONS (3). THE REVENUE SYSTEM 

1. Classification of the Revenue. 

a. The unappropriated (for general expenses). 

b. The appropriated (Internal Improvement and Lit- 
erary Funds). 

2. The Unappropriated Revenue; Average Amount. 

a. Poll Tax ; rates ; steady ; constant ; failure of many 

polls to list. 

b. Land Tax; rates; instability; decline after 1820; 

increase of land entered. 

c. Licenses ; peddlers, negro traders, stores, etc. ; dis- 

crimination in store tax. 

d. Impost. 

e. Carriage wheels. 

f. Cotton gin tax. 

g. Bank tax and dividends. 

3. Expenditures from the Unappropriated Revenue. 

4. Revenue Crisis 1830-1836. 

a. Expenditures greater than income. 

b. Revisal of revenue laws. 

c. The surplus revenue from the Federal Government. 

5. The Administration of the Revenue. 

a. Methods of assessment and collection. 

b. The Treasurer and the Comptroller. 

c. Defalcation of Treasurer Haywood. 

d. The revised administrative system (1828). 

76 



References: Pittman, A Decade of Our History (N. C. Review, 
April, May, 1910). 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina, (sessional); Revised Statutes of 
1836; Reports of the Treasurer. 

LXX. STATE PROBLEMS, 1790-1836, X 
THE MOVEMENT FOR CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM 

1. General Deficiencies in the Constitution of 1776. 

a. The Executive. 

1. Subordinated to the legislature; the Council 
of State. 

2. Annual election. 

3. Lack of initiative. 

b. The Judiciary. 

c. The Legislature. 

1. The system of representation; counties and 
boroughs. 

2. Qualification for membership. 

3. Scope of legislation. 

4. Annual sessions. 

5. Expense. 

d. Provisions regarding religion. 

1. Joseph Henry; William Gaston; John Cul- 
pepper ; William Taylor ; Josiah Crudup. 

e. Slave taxation and the free negro. 

2. Sectionalism : The Conflict of the East and the West. 

a. Diversity in race, and economic conditions. 

b. Inequality in colonial days; the Regulation; the 

Constitution of 1776. 

c. Growth of western and eastern counties in popula- 

tion; 1790-1830. 

d. Creation of new counties ; the dual system ; the 

East finally obstructs the erection of new counties. 

3. The Agitation for Reform. 

a. The location of the capital. 

b. The Convention of 1823 ; cause of failure. 

c. The rebuilding of the Capitol. 

d. The appeal to the people in 1833 ; attitude of the 

East ; legislative amendments vs. the Convention. 
77 



e. The Internal Improvement Convention of 1833; 

apathy of the legislature; railway agitation re- 
inforces constitutional reform. 

f. The threat of Revolution and the message of 

Governor Swain (1834) ; the Convention Bill. 
4. Influence of Sectionalism in State Problems; Internal 
Improvements, Education, etc. 

REFERENCES : Boyd, The Antecedents of the Convention of 1835 
(South Atlantic Quarterly, January, April, 1910) ; Nash, The Borough 
Towns of North Carolina (Booklet, October, 1906) ; Ashe, David 
Paton, (Bulletin of the N. C. Historical Commission) ; Pitman, A 
Decade of Our History (N. C. Review, April, May, 1910.) 

Sources : The Debates in the Convention of 1835 ; Address to the 
People of North Carolina, (1834) ; Journal of the Convention of 1835; 
Debates on the Bill to Rebuild the Capital (1832) ; Debates on the Con- 
vention Question in 1821. 

LXXI. THE CONVENTION OF 1835 

1. Membership. 

2. Powers. 

3. Proposed Reforms. 

4. Typical Debates. 

a. Borough representation. 

b. Disfranchisement of free negro. 

c. Representation. 

d. Biennial elections. 

e. The thirty-second article. 

5. The Vote on Ratification. 

References: Connor, (H. G.), Tne Convention of 1835, (Booklet, 
October, 1908); William Gaston (Great American Lawyers, Vol. I;) 
Creecy, Grandfather Tales of North Carolina History. 

Sources : Debates in the Convention of 1835 ; Journal of the Conven- 
tion of 1835. 

LXXII. THE ANTI-SLAVERY SENTIMENT IN 
NORTH CAROLINA 

1. The Quakers and Slavery. 

a. Votes in the Yearly Meetings. 

b. The North Carolina Manumission Society. 

c. Methods of Emancipation. 

d. Levi Coffin. 

78 



2. Anti-slavery Views of early Baptists and Methodists. 

a. Minutes of the Kehukee Association. 

b. The Rule of 1816; reasserted in 1846. 

3. Religious Instruction of the Slaves. 

a. Slave Missions. 

b. Chaplains, etc. 

c. Estimates of slave membership. 

4. Amelioration of the Rights of Slaves before the Law. 

a. Jury trial in regular court for capital offence 

(1793) ; right to challenge jurors (1818) ; com- 
parison with colonial policy. 

b. Killing a slave murder (1791 and 1817). 

c. Battery on a slave: State vs. Hale (1823). 

5. The Free Negro. 

a. Numbers and legal status. 

b. Henry Evans, Ralph Freeman, Ed. Chavis, John C. 

Stanley. 

6. Racial relations before 1830. 

REFERENCES : Bassett, Slavery in the State of North Carolina (Johns 
Hopkins Studies, series XVII, Nos. 7-8) and North Carolina Method- 
ism and Slavery (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, 
Series IV); Weeks, Southern Quakers and Slavery; Weaver, The 
North Craolina Manumission Society (Papers of the Trinity College 
Historical Society, series I.) 

Sources : Laws of N. C. ; Reminiscences of Levi Coffin ; Biggs, 
Minutes of the Kehukee Association ; Purefoy, History of Sandy Creek 
Association; Supreme Court Reports. 

LXXIII. RISE OF THE PRO-SLAVERY SENTIMENT 

1. The Economic Value of Slavery. 

a. Cotton. 

2. Negro Insurrections. 

a. Charleston, 1822. 

b. Southampton, Virginia, 1831. 

c. Reports and rumors of insurrections in North 

Carolina. 

3. Rise of the Abolitionists. 

4. Decisions of the Courts. 

a. Contentnea Society vs. Dickinson (N. C. Reports, 
vol. 12, 155) ; Hucaby vs. Jones (N. C. Reports, 
vol. 9, p. 120). 

79 



b. State vs. Mann (N. C. Reports, vol. 13, p. 263); 
State vs. Will (1834), (N. C. Reports, vol. 18, 
121). 

5. Restrictive legislation. 

a. Emancipation Law of 1830 (Laws 1830, ch. 9). 

b. Instruction of slaves forbidden. 

c. Free negroes restricted (Laws 1826, ch. 21) ; (1830, 

chs. 10, 14). 

d. The Convention of 1835 and the Free Negro; State 

vs. Manuel (N. C. Reports, vol. 20, p. 144). 

6. Legislative Resolutions and Debates. 

7. The Case of Lunsford Lane. 

8. Change of Racial Relations ; Survivals of the Anti-slavery 

Ideal. 

References : Bassett, Slavery in the State of North Carolina, chs. 
I, II, V; — Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina, (Johns Hopkins 
Studies, 1899) ; Hawkins, Life of Lunsford Lane. 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina (sessional); Revised Statutes of 
1836; Supreme Court Reports. 

LXXIV. CHANGES IN POLITICAL PARTY, 1820-1832 

1. The Missouri Compromise. 

a. Views of Macon and the Raleigh Minerva ; Nation- 
alism vs. State Rights. 

2. Discontent with Political Methods. 

a. The Caucus. 

b. The Instruction of United States Senators. 

3. Economic and Financial Depression. 

4. The Presidential Campaigns of 1824 and 1828. 

a. The candidates. 

b. Local sectionalism and the popular vote. 

c. Jackson and North Carolina; decline of Virginia's 

leadership in the South; John Branch, Secretary 
of the Navy. 

5. North Carolina and the Tariff of 1828. 

a. The legislative resolutions of 1827. 

6. North Carolina and Nullification. 

a. The legislative resolutions of 1830. 

b. The anti-nullification and the anti-tariff resolves of 

1832. 

80 



c. Popular meetings. 

d. The States Rights minority; views of Nathaniel 

Macon, Burton Craige, etc. 

References : Wagstaff, State Rights and political parties in North 
Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies, 1906, (pp. 40-54) ; Franklin, The 
Instruction of the United States Senators in North Carolina (Papers 
of the Trinity College Historical Society, series VII) ; Dodd, Life of 
Nathaniel Macon passim; Bassett, Andrew Jackson, (passim). 

Sources : Hamilton, Letters of Bartlett Yancey, (James Sprunt 
Historical Publication, Vol. X, No. 2) ; Letters of Macon. 

LXXV. RISE OF THE WHIG PARTY IN NORTH 
CAROLINA 

1. Cleavage among the Jacksonian Democrats. 

a. Veto of the Maysville Turnpike. 

b. Jackson and the tariff. 

c. Jackson and the Force Bill. 

d. Jackson's financial policy. 

2. Willie P. Mangum ; a type of the Anti-Jackson movement 

(Biographical History of North Carolina, vol. V). 

3. The Whigs and the West ; Significance of the Convention 

of 1835. 

4. The election of 1836. 

a. A Whig Governor : Edward B. Dudley. 

b. Democratic Electors. 

References: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 68-70; 
Bassett, Andrew Jackson. 

LXXVI. ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER WHIG 
LEADERSHIP, I 

RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION 

1. The Movement for Railways in the United States. 

2. Railroad Agitation in North Carolina. 

a. The Numbers of Carleton (1828). 

b. Early surveys. 

c. Railroad meetings of 1833 ; Wilmington, Raleigh, 

Salisbury. 

d. Sectionalism; Railroads, Internal Improvements, 

and the Convention Movement ; The Experi- 
mental Railroad. 
81 



3. The First Three Railways. 

a. The Halifax and Weldon (1833). 

b. The Wilmington and Raleigh (1833). 

1. Charter 2. Capital 3. Termini (1835). 

c. The Raleigh and Gaston. 

1. Charter 2. Capital 3. Right of Eminent Do- 
main. 

4. State Aid. 

a. The Wilmington and Raleigh. 

1. Stock subscription. 

2. Bond endorsement. 

3. Loans. 

4. The Literary Fund. 

b. The Raleigh and Gaston. 

1. Bond endorsement. 

2. Foreclosure of the mortgage. 

3. Reorganization of 1848. 

References: Weaver, Internal Improvements in North Carolina; 
Korner, Early Railroads of North Carolina (mss in possession of 
Trinity College Historical Society) ; Morgan, State Aid to Internal 
Improvements in North Carolina, (in preparation). 

Sources: Laws of North Carolina; Revised Statutes of 1836 and 
Revised Code of 1855 ; Legislative Documents. 

LXXVII. ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER WHIG 
LEADERSHIP, II 

THE NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD 

1. Economic Conditions in the West; the Drought of 1845. 

2. Plans for a Western Road. 

a. The Danville Connection. 

b. A Central Railroad. 

c. State aid or private venture. 

d. Sectional and party influences. 

3. The Contest in the Assembly of 1848. 

a. General Significance of the Session. 

b. The Charlotte and South Carolina Bill. 

1. State aid. 

2. Attitude of the west. 

3. "The Danville Steal." 

8? 



c. The North Carolina Railroad Bill. 

1. State aid. 

2. Leaders. 

3. The vote. 

4. Provisions of the Charter. 

a. Capital stock. 

b. State subscription. 

c. Organization of the company ; directors and offi- 

cers. 

5. Further State Aid; Construction of the Road; Its im- 

portance in economic and social development. 

6. Other Appropriations by the Assembly of 1848-9. 

a. The Gaston and Weldon Connection. 

b. Reorganization of the Raleigh and Gaston. 

c. The Neuse River Appropriation. 

d. The Fayetteville and Western Plank road. 

e. Improvement of the Cape Fear and Deep Rivers. 

f. Improvement of the Tar River. 

g. The mountain roads. 

6. Leaders of the Internal Improvement Policy. 

References:. Barringer, History of the North Carolina Railroad; 
Weaver, Internal Improvements in North Carolina; Korner, Early- 
Railroads in North Carolina (mss.) ; Morgan, State Aid to Internal 
Improvements in North Carolina, (in preparation). 

Sources : Laws of North Carolina ; Legislative Documents. 

LXXVIII. ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER WHIG 
LEADERSHIP, III 

THE WHIG POLICY CONTINUED UNDER DEMOCRATIC 
LEADERSHIP 1850-60 

1. The Democratic Victory of 1850. 

2. The Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad. 

a. The Charter (1852). 

b. State Aid (1854). 

3. Other Appropriations of 1854. 

a. The Western North Carolina Railroad. 

b. The Fayetteville and Centre Plank Road. 

c. The Neuse Navigation Company and the Yadkin 

Navigation Company. 
83 



d. Bond Endorsement of 1854. 

4. The Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal (1856). 

5. The Fayetteville and Western Railroad (1858). 

6. Appropriations of 1860. 

a. The Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal. 

b. The Chatham Railroad. 

c. The Wilmington, Charlotte and Rutherford Loan. 

REFERENCES : Laws and Legislative Reports. 

LXXIX. ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER WHIG LEADER- 
SHIP 1836-1850, IV 

EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS 

1. Growth of the Literary Fund; the Surplus Revenue. 

2. The School Law of 1838-9. 

a. Provisions. 

b. The educational campaign of 1839; Arguments for 

and against Public Education (Coon, vol. I, 
Introduction). 

3. The School Law of 1840; The office of Superintendent 

of Common Schools (1852). 

4. Growth of Schools to 1860. 

5. The Work of Calvin H. Wiley. 

6. Other Leaders in Public Education. 

7. The L^niversity under Presidents Caldwell and Swain. 

REFERENCES : Weeks, Beginning of the Common School System in 
the South, pp. 1418-1452, (Report of the Commissioner of Education, 
1896-97, Vol. II) ; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History; North 
Carolina Day Programme, 1905. 

Sources: Laws, 1838, 1840; Reports of the Superintendent of Com- 
mon Schools, 1854-1860; Coon, Documentary History of Education to 
1840, Vol. II; The North Carolina Journal of Education (1858-1860.) 

LXXX. ACHIEVEMENTS UNDER WHIG LEADERSHIP 

1836-1850, V 

HUMANITARIAN REFORMS 

1. The Institution for the Deaf and Dumb (Laws, 1844, ch. 
37). 

a. Message of Governor Graham, 1844; William D. 

Cooke. 

b. Appropriations from the Literary Fund. 

84 



c. Local Taxation. 

d. The Institution opened. 

2. The care of the Blind. 

a. The Institution for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind 
(Laws, 1846, ch. 48). 

3. Asylum for the Insane. 

a. The Memorial of Dorothea Dix. 

b. James C. Dobbin. 

c. The appropriation (Laws 1848, ch. 1) ; Opening of 

the Institution. 

4. Reforms in the Penal Laws. 

a. Imprisonment for debt. 

b. Movement for a penitentiary. 

5. Rights of Married Women (Laws 1848, ch. 41). 

6. The Temperance Movement. 

References: Tiffany, Life of Dorothea Dix; Connor, James C. Dob- 
bin, (Biographical History of North Carolina, Vol. VI) ; Mordecai, 
Law Lectures, p. 482. 

Sources: Law of North Carolina, 1844, 1846, 1848; Revised Code 
of 1855 ; Reports of State Officials and Institutions in Public Docu- 
ments, 1844, 1846, 1848; Dix, Memorial establishing a State Hospital 
for protection and care of the Insane entrusted to the General Assembly 
of North Carolina, (Raleigh, 1848.) 

LXXXI. GENERAL PROGRESS, 1840-1860, I 
INDUSTRIAL CONDITION 

1. Domestic Manufactures. 

a. Character. 

b. Comparative value in 1810. 

2. Early Factories. 

a. Pioneers of manufacturing. 

b. Value of products, 1850 and 1860 (Twelfth Census, 

Manufacturers, vol. II, p. 660). 

c. Leading industries (Eighth Census, Manufactures, 

pp. 420-435). 

3. Mines and Mining. 

a. Early geological surveys ; Services of Mitchell, Olm- 

stead, Emmons. 

b. Mineral resources. 

c. Products and methods of mining. 

d. The Charlotte Mint; the Bechtler Mint. 

85 



4. Agriculture. 

a. Products and values. 

b. Early soil surveys. 

c. Agricultural journals. 

d. The North Carolina State Agricultural Society 

(1853). 

5. Trade Conditions. 

a. Value of exports. 

b. Advantage of Virginia and South Carolina cities. 

References : Thompson, From Cotton Field to Cotton Mill ; Bulle- 
tins of the North Carolina Geological Survey, Nos. 3, 10, 17, No. 21, 
pp. 78-79; A Private Mint in North Carolina, (Publication of the 
Southern History Association, Vol. X, No. 2) ; Kerr, Report of the 
Geological Survey of North Carolina, 1875, Vol. I, (Raleigh, 1875). 

Sources : Census of the United States ; The Carolina Cultivator ; 
The Farmer's Journal ; DeBow's Review ; Report on the Establishment 
of Cotton and Wool Manufactures and the Growing of Wool, by 
Charles Fisher to the House of Commons, January 1, 1828; Roth, 
Gold Mines in N. C, (Silliman's Journal of Science) ; Emmons, 
Geological Survey of the Midland Counties of North Carolina, (New 
York, 1856). 

LXXXII. GENERAL PROGRESS 1840-1860, II 
PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS DEVELOPMENT 

1. Some Religious Changes. 

a. The Baptists; the State Convention; Missionary vs. 

Primitive Baptists. 

b. Organization of the North Carolina Conference 

(1838). 

c. The first Bishop of the Diocese of North Carolina. 

2. Religion and Education. 

a. The need of more schools. 

b. The religious necessity. 

3. The Genesis of Wake Forest College. 

a. The Manual Labor Plan. 

b. The Charter. 

c. Influences from abroad ; the Faculty. 

4. The Origin of Davidson. 

a. The Western College idea. 

b. Action of Concord Presbytery (1838). 

c. Davidson opened (1837); The Charter (1838). 

86 



d. The Manual Labor Plan. 

e. The Chambers Legacy. 

5. The Early Days of Trinity. 

a. Dr. Brantley York and Union Institute; Braxton 

Craven (Autobiography of York, ch. X). 

b. Normal College and Church endorsement (1851); 

State aid and degrees (1852). 

c. The Charter of 1859 (Trinity College) ; relation to 

the Church. 

d. Braxton Craven. 

6. Some Colleges for Women. 

7. Private Academies. 

REFERENCES: Sykes, The Genesis of Wake Forest College, (Publica- 
tions of the North Carolina Historical Commission, Vol. I) ; Williams, 
History of the Baptists in North Carolina, pp. 71-m; Raper, Church 
and Private Schools in North Carolina; Smith, History of Education 
in North Carolina, passim; Centennial of Methodism in North Carolina; 
Baldwin, History of Methodism in North Carolina, 1800-1837, (Raleigh 
Christian Advocate, February 14-April 4, 1894) ; Dowd, Life of Brax- 
ton Craven; Haywood, Lives of the Bishops of North Carolina; First 
Semi-Centenary Celebration of Davidson College. 

Sources : Autobiography of Brantley York ; College Catalogues. 

LXXXIII. THE NORTH CAROLINA WHIGS IN 
NATIONAL POLITICS 

1. Characteristics. 

a. Loyalty to the National Party. 

b. Nationalistic ideals. 

c. Support of Henry Clay. 

2. Typical Leaders in National Affairs. 

a. Willie P. Mangum. 

b. William A. Graham. 

c. George E. Badger. 

d. Thomas L. Clingman. 

3. The Recharter of the National Bank. 

a. President Tyler's veto ; resignation of Badger ; Man- 
gum and the Caucus. 

4. The Annexation of Texas. 

a. Clay's visit to Raleigh ; his views on Texas. 

b. The election of 1844. 

87 



5. The Tariff. 

a. Sentiment for a protective tariff in North Carolina. 

b. J. J. McKoy and the Walker Tariff of 1846. 

6. The Navy Department under North Carolinians. 

References: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North 
Carolina, pp. 73-77; Sketches of Mangum, Graham, and Badger in 
Biographical History of North Carolina, (Vol. V) ; Frank Nash, 
Address on William A. Graham, (Bulletin of N. C. Historical Commis- 
sion) ; Graham, George E. Badger and McGhee, William A. Graham, 
(Peele, Lives of Distinguished North Carolianians) ; Bassett, Congres- 
sional Career of Thomas L. Clingman, (Papers of the Trinity College 
Historical Society, Series, IV). 

Sources : Speeches and Writings of T. L. Clingman ; Speeches of 
leading men in Congressional Globe and newspapers of the period. 

LXXXIV. DECLINE OF THE WHIG PARTY, 1 
MANHOOD SUFFRAGE 

1. The Democratic party, 1836-1848 (Memoirs of W. W. 

Holden, ch. I). 

2. Aristocratic and Democratic Tendencies in the Constitu- 

tion of North Carolina ; property qualifications for 
suffrage in senatorial elections. 

3. The Manhood Suffrage Campaign. 

a. David S. Reed. 

b. How free suffrage was brought into the campaign of 

1848 (Memoirs of Holden, ch. I). 

c. Results of the election of 1848. 

d. The Democratic Victory of 1850. 

4. Attitude of the Whigs to Manhood Suffrage. 

a. Application of manhood suffrage to all elections ; 

division among the Whigs. 

b. Constitutional convention vs. legislative enactment. 

c. Amendment adopted (1857). 

5. Liberalizing Effects of the Free Suffrage Movement; the 

Democrats and Internal Improvements ; Education. 

References: Bassett, Suffrage in North Carolina (Reports of the 
American Historical Association, 1895-6) ; Wagstaff, State Rights and 
Political Parties in North Carolina, pp. 81-88; Boyd, William W. 
Holden, Part I, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, 
Series III.) 

88 



Sources: Memoirs of W. W. Holden, (John Lawson Monographs 
of the Trinity College Historical Society, Vol. I) ; Pamphlets. 

LXXXV. DECLINE OF THE WHIG PARTY, II 
DISINTEGRATION OVER SLAVERY EXTENSION 

1. Expansion of slavery in the United States to 1848. 

a. Sectional interests. 

b. The Wilmot Proviso. 

2. The North Carolina Whigs and Slavery Extension. 

a. Views of Badger and Clingman. 

b. The Steele Resolutions in the legislature of 1848-49. 

c. The substitute resolves. 

3. The Compromise of 1850 in North Carolina. 

a. The Legislature of 1850-51. 

1. Resolves of William B. Shepherd (radical) 
and J. A. Gilmer (conservative). 

2. The reports of the joint committee; adoption 

of the majority report. 

b. The Congressional Campaign of 1851. 

1. The issue of secession and its repudiation. 

4. The Presidential Campaign of 1856. 

a. The Republican Party ; excitement in the South. 

b. Professor Hedrick expelled from the University. 

c. Secession threatened; the conference of governors. 

5. Decline of the Whig party; The Know-Nothings and 

their leaders in North Carolina. 

REFERENCES: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 81-84: 
87-96; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward Secession, (Report of 
the American Historical Association, 1910) ; Bassett, Benjamin S. 
Hedrick, (Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina) ; Hamilton, Ben- 
jamin S. Hedrick, (James Sprunt Historical Publications, Vol. X, 
No. 1). 

Sources: Public Documents of North Carolina (1848, 1850, 1856.) 

LXXXVI. STATE POLITICAL ISSUES 1850-1860 

1. Distribution of Public Lands. 

a. The land bill of Henry Bennett (New York) ; atti- 

tude of Southern Democrats. 

b. The Congressional Campaign of 1853 in North 

Carolina. 

c. The State Campaign of 1858; McRae vs. Ellis. 

89 



2. Ad Valorem Slave Taxation. 

a. Later Slavery Agitators; Goodloe; Helper. 

b. Inequality in the Revenue System. 

c. Moses A. Bledsoe (1858); The Raleigh Working- 

men's Association. 

3. Factions in the Democratic Party. 

a. William W. Holden ; the Standard. 

b. John W. Ellis. 

c. The State Convention of 1858. 

d. The Senatorial Contest. 

4. The State Campaign of 1860. 

a. Revival of the W r hig Party ; ad valorem slave taxa- 

tion. 

b. The Candidates; Pool (Whig); Ellis (Democrat). 

c. Character and results of the Campaign. 

References: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties in North 
Carolina, pp. 97-107; 109-113; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward 
Secession, (Reports of the American Historical Association, 1910) ; 
Boyd, William W. Holden, Part II, (Papers of the Trinity College 
Historical Society, Series III) and Ad Valorem Slave Taxation, 
(Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series V.) ; Hamil- 
ton, The Democratic Convention of 1858, (Charlotte Observer) ; Re- 
construction in North Carolina. 

Sources : Helper's Impending Crisis ; Pamphlets. 

LXXXVII. THE NATIONAL CAMPAIGN OF 1860 IN 
NORTH CAROLINA 

1. Parties, Platforms, Candidates. 

2. The Democratic Campaign in North Carolina. 

a. North Carolina Delegates to the Charleston Con- 

vention (Memoirs of Holden). 

b. The Baltimore Convention; Policy of the North 

Carolina Delegates. 

c. The sentiment for Douglas, the Standard; the 

Douglas electors ; the Douglas Convention ; the 
drift to Breckenbridge. 

3. The Whig Campaign. 

a. The Appeal to Patriotism. 

b. The Mass Meetings. 

90 



4. The Results : The Union or the South. 

a. The Whig and Democratic votes. 

b. Breckenbridge vs. Bell and Douglas. 

References: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, pp. 114- 
119; Boyd, North Carolina's Attitude toward Secession, (Report 
American Historical Association, 1910) ; Hamilton, Reconstruction in 
North Carolina. 

Sources: Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. I, pp. 10-14; Hamilton, 
Correspondence of Jonathan Smith, Vol. I, passim. 

LXXXVIII. SECESSION IN NORTH CAROLINA 

1. General Influences for Union and Secession. 

a. State Rights Ideals vs. national sentiment. 

b. Economic Conditions vs. slavery extension. 

c. The social bond ; the South or the Union. 

d. Progress of secession in the South to Feb. 1, 1861. 

2. The Movement for a State Convention. 

a. Governor Ellis's message (December, 1860). 

b. The Convention Bill; views of radicals and con- 

servatives; influences that shaped its passage. 

c. The election of February 28th, 1861. 

3. North Carolina in the Peace Convention (February) ; views 

of Ruffm, Reid, etc. 

4. Progress of Secession Sentiment in North Carolina. 

a. Seizure of Fort Johnston and Caswell (January 

1861). 

b. Mass Meeting (Goldsboro, February). 

c. Fort Sumter; Lincoln's Call for Troops. 

5. The Secession Convention (May 20, 1861). 

a. How called. 

b. Membership; factions. 

c. The Ordinance of Secession: The Theory of Se- 

cession. 

6. Why North Carolina Seceded. 

References: Wagstaff, State Rights and Political Parties, ch. 5; 
Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; MacCormac and Battle, 
The Convention of 1861 (James Sprunt Monographs, No. I.) 

Sources: Memoirs of W. W. Holden, ch. I, pp. 14-17; Correspon- 
dence of Jonothan Worth, Vol. I, passim; Journal of the Convention 
of 1861; Public Documents (Session of 1861). 

91 



LXXXIX. NORTH CAROLINA IN THE WAR 

1. Contribution to the Confederate Service. 

a. Military. 

b. Naval. 

c. Civil. 

2. Economic and Financial Conditions, 1861-1865. 

a. The Blockade. 

b. Agriculture and Manufacturing. 

c. Finances. 

d. Transportation. 

e. Blockade running, public and private. 

f. State aid to the destitute. 

3. War Politics and the Peace Movement. 

a. Beginning of party divisions. 

b. Friction between the Convention and the General 

Assembly. 

c. The campaign of 1862. 

d. The peace meetings of 1863. 

e. The peace meetings of 1864. 

f. The Raleigh Standard and its influence. 

g. Dissatisfaction with the Confederate Government 

and the cause, 
h. Desertion from the army and its influence, 
i . The campaign of 1864; Secret organizations. 

4. Military operations in the State. 

a Federal coast operations in 1861. 

b. The capture of New Bern. 

c. The Confederate advance on New Bern and its 

repulse. 

d. The Plymouth campaign. 

e. Fort Fisher. 

f. Stoneman's raid. 

g. Sherman's advance into the State, 
h. The capture of Raleigh. 

i. The Sherman-Johnston Convention. 

5. Attempts at Reconstruction. 

a. The Hatteras Government. 

b. Edward Stanly's administration as military gov- 

ernor. 

92 



c. Action of the North Carolina members of the Con- 
federate Congress. 

REFERENCES : Clark, Regimental History of North Carolina ; Hamil- 
ton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Boyd, William W. Holden, (in 
Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series III); Five 
Points in the Record of North Carolina in the Civil War, (Publica- 
tions of the N. C. Historical Commission, Vol. I, pp. 375-490 ; Schwab, 
The Confederate States of America; Spencer, The Last Ninety Days 
of the War in North Carolina; The South in the Building of the 
Nation, Vol. I, pp. 482-497, (James Sprunt Historical Monograph, 
No. 1)'; Hill, History of North Carolina, pp. 267-338; Connor, Makers 
of North Carolina History, pp. 226-260; Dowd, Life of Vance, pp. 430- 

462, 481-490. 

Sources: Hamilton, Correspondence of Jonothan Worth. Memoirs 
of W. W. Holden, ch. 2; Official Records of the War of the Rebellion; 
Legislative Documents, 1860-1861, 1862-1863, 1863-1864; Laws, 1860- 
1861, 1861, 1862, 1862-1863, 1864; Moore, Rebellion Record; Memoirs 
of General W. T. Sherman, pp. 288-374 ; Johnston's Narrative, pp. 376- 
420; Nichols, The Story of the Great March, pp. 251-321; Contested 
Elections, Ho. Mss. Docs No. 57, 38 Cong. 2nd. Sess. ; Hamilton, The 
Heroes of America, (Publications of the Southern History Association, 
January, 1907-) 

XC. PRESIDENTIAL RESTORATION 

1. Military Occupation. 

a. The downfall of the State Government. 

b. General Schofield's opinions and plan of reconstruc- 

tion. 

c. Chief Justice Chase's visit to North Carolina. 

d. Conditions in the State at the close of hostilities. 

2. Beginnings of Reconstruction. 

a. Lincoln's plan of Reconstruction. 

b. Development of Lincoln's plan under Johnson. 

c. Johnson's amnesty and North Carolina proclama- 

tions. 

d. The administration of Provisional Governor Holden 

e. Conduct of amnesty and pardon matters. 

f. The convention of 1865 and its work. 

g. The elections of 1865. 

h. The General Assembly of 1865. 
i. Relations with the United States, 
j. The Convention of 1866. 
k. The return to civil government. 
93 



3. Conditions and Problems of the Freedmen. 

a. Economic and social conditions. 

b. Legislation concerning the freedmen. 

c. The Freedmen's Bureau. 

4. Conditions under the Restored Government. 

a. Attempts to secure congressional representation. 

b. Proposed constitution of 1866 and its defeat. 

c. Politics and election of 1866. 

d. North Carolina and the Fourteenth Amendment. 

e. Relations with the military authorities ; the conflict 

of civil and military courts. 

References : Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina ; Boyd, 
William W. Holden, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, 
Series III) ; Flack, The Adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, pp. 
196-200; Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 383-388; 
Hamilton, The Freedmen's Bureau, (South Atlantic Quarterly, Jan. 
and April, 1909) ; Stephenson, Race Distinctions in American Law. 

Sources : Memoirs of W. W. Holden ; Correspondence of Jonathan 
Worth; Andrews, The South Since the War, pp. 1 12-190; Fleming, 
Documentary History of Reconstruction ; Legislative Documents, 1865- 
1866, 1866-1867; Laws, 1865-1866, 1866-1867. 

XCI. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION 

1. The Military Government. 

a. The Reconstruction Acts. 

b. Administration of General Daniel E. Sickles. 

c. General Order No. 10 and the disputed jurisdiction 

of the military governor and the United States 
courts. 

d. Administration of General E. R. S. Canby. 

e. Registration of the new electorate. 

f. Activity of the aliens or "carpet-baggers." 

g. Organization and work of the Union League. 
h. Politics and election of 1867. 

i. Political, social, religious, and economic separation 
of the races as a result of Reconstruction. 

2. The Convention of 1868. 

a. Membership ; party divisions, race divisions, promi- 

nence of the aliens. 

b. Activities of the convention. 

94 



3. The Constitution of 1868. 

a. Influences tending to shape the instrument. 

b. Changes from the original instrument. 

c. The campaign for adoption. 

d. Election of 1868. 

e. Restoration of the State to the Union. 

References: Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Cox, 
Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 494-500; Herbert, Why the 
Solid South, pp. 70-84; A. B. Greenwood, The Union League in North 
Carolina, (Charlotte Observer of July, 1910) ; Hamilton, The Union 
League, (Swanee Review, October, 1912) ; South in the Building of 
the Nation, I, pp. 497-519). 

Sources: Memoir of W. W. Holden; Correspondence of Jonathan 
Worth; The Constitution of 1868; Convention Documents, 1868; 
Legislative Documents, 1868; Fleming, Documentary History of Re- 
construction. 

XCII. THE RADICAL REGIME 

1. The Administration of Governor William W. Holden. 

a. Character of the new administration. 

b. The Legislature of 1868. 

c. The Presidential Campaign of 1868. 

d. The Legislature of 1868-1869. 

e. Extravagance in Government. 

f. Railroad legislation and the frauds. 

1. The Chatham Railroad. 

2. The Western North Carolina Railroad. 

3. The Western Railroad. 

4. The Atlantic, Tennessee, and Ohio Railroad. 

5. The Williston and Tarboro Railroad. 

6. The Edenton and Suffolk Railroad. 

7. The Northwestern North Carolina Railroad. 

8. The University Railroad. 

9. The Eastern and Western Railroad. 

10. The Wilmington, Charlotte, and Rutherford 
Railroad. 

11. The Oxford Branch of the Raleigh and Gas- 
ton Railroad. 

g. The Penitentiary Scandal. 

h. The "Ring;" Corrupt influences of the "carpet-bag- 
gers." 

95 



i. The Legislature of 1869-1870; Republican quarrels. 

2. Social and Economic Conditions. 

a. Labor conditions. 

b. Agricultural depression. 

c. Beginnings of industrial activity. 

3. Party Politics. 

a. Classes composing the two parties. 

b. The race question between the parties. 

c. Influence of the ''carpet-baggers." 

d. Lines of cleavage in the Republican party in 1869. 

e. Organization and growth of the Conservative-Demo- 

cratic party. 

f. Political effects of Radical dishonesty and misrule. 

4. The Ku Klux Movement. 

a. Purposes. 

b. Organizations. 

c. Membership. 

d. Geographical location. 

e. Activities. 

f. Results, social and political. 

5. Suppression of the Ku Klux. 

a. The use of militia. 

b. Legislation. 

1. The militia bill. 

2. The Ku Klux Act (N. C). 

3. The Schoffner Act. 

c. The Kirk-Holden War. 

d. Federal Force Acts. 

e. Federal Ku Klux Prosecution. 

f. The Ku Klux Trials of 1871. 

References: Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Herbert, 
Why The Solid South, pp. 70-84; Fleming, Lester and Wilson's Ku 
Klux Klan; Mrs. T. J. Jarvis, The Ku Klux Klan, (North Carolina 
Booklet, Vol. I, No. 12, Vol. II, No. 1) ; Dowd, Life of Vance, pp. 142- 
163; Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 465-463; Battle, 
Address on Vance; Dent, Origin and Development of the Ku Klux 
Klan, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series, I) ; 
Pegram, A Ku Klux Raid and what Became of it, (ibid) ; Carlton, 
The Assassination of John Walter Stephens, (Papers of the Trinity 
College Historical Society, Series II). 

Sources : Memoir of William W. Holden ; The Report of the 
Shipp Fraud Commission; The Report of the Bragg Fraud Commis- 

96 



sion; Report of the Senate Committee on the Condition of Affairs in 
the Southern States, (Sen. Reports, No. i, 42 Cong., 1 Sess.) ; Joint 
Report on Affairs in the Insurrectionary States, (Ho. Reports No. 22, 
pp. 2, 42 Cong., I Sess.) ; Third Annual Message of Governor Holden 
with Appendix; Legislative Documents, 1868, 1868-1869, 1869-1870; 
Laws, 1868, 1868-1869, 1869-1870; North Carolina Supreme Court 
Reports, 1868-1871. 

XCIII. DEMOCRATIC REACTION AND ITS 
RESULTS 

1. Overthrow of Republican Control. 

a. The campaign of 1870. 

b. The legislature of 1870-1871. 

c. The impeachment and trial of Governor Holden. 

d. The impeachment of Judge E. W. Jones. 

e. Attempt to secure a constitutional convention; rea- 

sons for failure. 

f. Reform legislation. 

g. The legislative session of 1871-1872. 
h. The political campaigns of 1872. 

2. Reconstruction and Education. 

a. The University. 

b. The Public School System. 

c. Work of Private Schools and Colleges. 

3. The Overthrow of Reconstruction. 

a. Constitution Reforms of 1874. 

b. The convention of 1875. 

c. Constitutional changes. 

4. The Campaign of 1876. 

a. Party conditions in 1875 and 1876. 

b. Party conventions and platforms. 

c. Vance and Settle as candidates; records and 

strength and weakness of each. 

d. The joint debates. 

e. Issues of the campaign. 

f . Influences exerted in the campaign. 

g. Election results, state and national. 

5. The Effects of Reconstruction. 

a. Social. 

b. Economic. 

c. Financial. 

97 



d. Political. 

e. Religions. 

f. The settlement of the debt. 

References: Hamilton, Reconstruction in North Carolina; Dowd, 
Life of Vance; Hamilton, Campaigns of 1872. (South Atlantic Quar- 
terly, April, 1912) ; Bynum, Thomas Settle. 

Sources: Memoirs of William W. Holden; Legislative Documents, 
1870-1871, 1871-1872, 1873-1874, 1874-1875, 1876-1877, 1879; Laws, 
1870-1871, 1871-1872, 1872-1873, 1873-1874, 1874-1875, 1876-1877, 1879; 
Journal of the Convention of 1875; Amendments of 1875; North 
Carolina Supreme Court Reports, 1870-1879; Tourgee, The "C" 
Letters. 



XCIV. OUTLINE FOR COUNTY HISTORY 
Geographical Features. 



II. 



1. 


Size and location. 


2. 


Surface. 


3. 


Principal streams, sounds, lakes, etc. 


4. 


Character of the soil. 


5. 


Flora and fauna. 


6. 


Other geographical features. 


7. 


Influence of geography on the history and de- 




velopment of the county. 


Population. 


1. 


Racial elements: 




a. English. 




b. French. 




c. Irish. 




d. German. 




e. Scotch. 




f. Scotch-Irish. 




g. Negro. 


2. 


Where they came from. 


3. 


Reasons for their settling in North Carolina : 




a. Social. 




b. Economic. 




c. Political. 




d. Religious. 


4. 


Character of the people. 



98 



III. Organization of the county. 

1. When and why created. 

2. Boundaries : 

a. Territory from which the county was 
formed. 

b. Original boundaries. 

c. Counties wholly or partially cut off from 
it. 

d. Present boundaries. 

3. Origin of its name. 

4. Selection of the county seat : 

a. Why selected. 

b. Origin of its name. 

c. Erection of public buildings. 

IV. Important Historic Events. 

1. During the Colonial Period: 

a. Early relations with the Indians. 

b. Military events. 

c. Chief political occurrences. 

d. Industrial conditions : 

1. Labor; introduction of slavery. 

2. Agriculture. 

3. Commerce. 

4. Home manufactures. 

e. Early schools. 

f. Early churches. 

g. Early newspapers and libraries, 
h. Colonial towns. 

2. During the Revolution: 

a. Whigs and Tories. 

b. Political events. 

c. Military events : 

1. Soldiers furnished the British army. 

2. Soldiers furnished the American 

army. 

3. Battles. 

d. Monuments, markers or other memorials. 

3. During the period of National Development, 

1783-1860: 
a. Increase of wealth and population. 
99 



b. Founding and growth of towns. 

c. Schools — private and public; noted 
teachers. 

d. Newspapers. 

e. Religious conditions — churches, noted 
preachers, famous religious meetings, etc. 

f . Internal Improvements : 

1. Deepening of rivers. 

2. Digging of canals. 

3. Road building. 

4. Railroads. 

g. Industrial conditions : 

1. Agriculture. 

2. Commerce. 

3. Manufactures, 
h. Military events : 

1. War of 1812. 

2. War with Mexico, 
i. Political events. 

V. Secession and the Civil War, 1861-1865. 

1. Sentiment of the people on secession. 

2. Secession campaign of 1861. 

3. Soldiers furnished to the Confederacy. 

4. Battles. 

5. Monuments. 

VI. Reconstruction, 1865-1876. 

1 . Carpet baggers : 

a. Where they came from. 

b. Character. 

c. What they did. 

d. Results of their control. 

2. Ku Klux Klan : 

a. Number of dens in the county and loca- 
tions. 

b. Leaders and membership of each. 

c. What the Ku Klux Klan did. 

d. Results of their activities. 

3. The Negroes and Reconstruction: 

a. Relation between the whites and negroes 
before the Civil War. 
100 



b. Influence of the carpet baggers on the 
negroes. 

c. Disturbances between the whites and 
negroes. 

d. Results. 

VII. Since Reconstruction, 1876-1911. 

1. Important political events. 

2. Erection of public buildings. 

3. Development of the public school system. 

4. Road building. 

5. Railroads. 

6. Commerce. 

7. Manufactures. 

8. Agriculture. 

9. Increase in population and wealth : 

a. Population in 1880: 

1. Urban. 

2. Rural. 

b. Population in 1910: 

1. Urban. 

2. Rural. 

a. Wealth in 1880: 

1. Urban. 

2. Rural. 

b. Wealth in 1910: 

1. Urban. 

2. Rural. 

c. Causes of increase. 



101 



LB n M/i 



